Apparatus for manually manipulating hollow organs
An apparatus for mechanically manipulating hollow organs within the body of a subject, or an organ manipulation apparatus, includes a manipulation section. The manipulation section may include a substantially two-dimensional element, which may have a width that exceeds a distance across a portion of the interior of a hollow organ within which the manipulation section is to be positioned. The manipulation section is configured to manipulate at least a portion of a hollow organ from within, which may modify at least one of a shape, orientation, or location of at least part of the hollow organ. Methods for manipulating hollow organs are also disclosed, as are operating techniques, such as left atrial ablation, in which the shapes, orientations, and/or locations of hollow organs are manipulated to move the hollow organs away from the site of the medical procedure, reducing the potential for damage to the hollow organs.
1. An elongate element of an apparatus for manipulating an esophagus, the elongate element consisting of:
a distal end;
a proximal end opposite from the distal end;
a proximal portion adjacent to the proximal end, the proximal portion being substantially linear or substantially curvilinear; and
a distal portion adjacent to the distal end, a manipulation section of the distal portion having a substantially two-dimensional configuration defined by a plurality of deviations extending laterally beyond a linear or curvilinear path of the elongate element, the plurality of deviations including at least one deviation extending laterally beyond a first side of the linear or curvilinear path of the elongate element and at least one second deviation extending laterally beyond a second side of the linear or curvilinear path of the elongate element, the substantially two-dimensional configuration having a width of more than 14 mm and a rigidity sufficient to move the esophagus and/or flatten the esophagus.
2. The elongate element of claim 1 , wherein the elongate element has a substantially solid structure.
3. The elongate element of claim 1 , wherein the elongate element is radiopaque.
4. The elongate element of claim 1 , wherein the elongate element is a wire.
5. The elongate element of claim 1 , wherein the elongate element has a diameter of about 0.035 inch to about 0.038 inch.
6. The elongate element of claim 1 , wherein the manipulation section is made of a shape memory alloy.
7. The elongate element of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of deviations impart the manipulation section with a shape of a waveform.
8. The elongate element of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of deviations includes a series of curved deviations extending laterally beyond opposite sides of the linear or curvilinear path of the elongate element.
9. The elongate element of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of deviations includes at least two curved deviations extending laterally beyond the first side of the linear or curvilinear path of the elongate element.
10. The elongate element of claim 1 , wherein the width of the manipulation section is about 15 mm to about 20 mm.
11. An elongate element of an apparatus for manipulating an esophagus,
the elongate element consisting of:
a distal end;
a proximal end opposite from the distal end;
a proximal portion adjacent to the proximal end, the proximal portion being substantially linear or substantially curvilinear; and
a distal portion adjacent to the distal end, a manipulation section of the distal portion:
defined by a plurality of deviations extending laterally beyond opposite sides of a substantially linear path or a substantially curvilinear path of the proximal portion of the elongate element, the plurality of deviations rendering the manipulation section substantially two-dimensional;
having a width of greater than 14 mm; and having a rigidity sufficient to move the esophagus and/or flatten the esophagus.
12. The elongate element of claim 11 , wherein the elongate element is a wire.
13. The elongate element of claim 11 , wherein the elongate element has a substantially solid structure.
14. An elongate element of an apparatus for manipulating an esophagus,
the elongate element consisting of:
a distal end;
a proximal end opposite from the distal end;
a proximal portion adjacent to the proximal end, the proximal portion being substantially linear or substantially curvilinear; and
a distal portion adjacent to the distal end, a manipulation section of the distal portion:
having a substantially two-dimensional configuration defined by at least one deviation extending laterally beyond a first side of a substantially linear path or a substantially curvilinear path of the elongate element and at least another deviation extending laterally beyond a second, opposite side of the substantially linear path or the substantially curvilinear path of the elongate element;
having a width of greater than 14 mm; and having a rigidity sufficient to move the esophagus and/or flatten the esophagus.
15. The elongate element of claim 14 , wherein each of the at least one deviation and the at least another deviation comprises a curved deviation.