Cooling system and method for use with a fuel cell
A cooling system is provided for use with a fuel cell. The cooling system comprises a first heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet passage of the fuel cell. The first heat exchanger can be configured to condense at least a portion of a fluid passing through the outlet passage of the fuel cell into liquid water. The cooling system can also comprise a second heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet passage of the first heat exchanger and an inlet passage of the fuel cell. The second heat exchanger can be configured to cool a fluid passing into the inlet passage of the fuel cell. In addition, the outlet passage of the fuel cell and the inlet passage of the fuel cell can be fluidly connected to a cathode of the fuel cell, and the inlet passage of the fuel cell can be configured to supply water to the cathode.
1. A method of cooling a fuel cell, comprising:
supplying hydrogen to an anode of the fuel cell and supplying air and water to a cathode of the fuel cell;
outputting a fluid from the fuel cell, wherein at least a portion of the fluid comprises a first fluid;
supplying the first fluid to a first heat exchanger and condensing at least a portion of the first fluid into water using the first heat exchanger;
supplying to a second heat exchanger the water condensed by the first heat exchanger;
cooling the water condensed by the first heat exchanger while flowing through the second heat exchanger; and
supplying the cooled water to the fuel cell;
wherein the cathode is connected to a cathode outlet passage having a first water separator configured to supply the first fluid to the first heat exchanger.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising separating water from hydrogen recirculated through the anode, wherein the separated water is separated by a second water separator that supplies the separated water to the first water separator.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein water separated by the first water separator and the second water separator is supplied to a storage device.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising circulating the water condensed by the first heat exchanger through a storage device.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein a rate of the water condensed by the first heat exchanger and output to the storage device is controlled by controlling a temperature of the first fluid passing through the first heat exchanger.
6. The method of claim 1 , comprising independently controlling a water temperature of the cooled water supplied to the fuel cell and a water balance of the fuel cell.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising modifying an operating parameter to balance a heat duty of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, wherein the operating parameter comprises at least one of a water balance, a cathode stoichiometry, a fluid flow rate, and a fluid temperature.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein modifying the operating parameter modifies a rate of water vapor exiting the first heat exchanger to at least partially control a level of stored water.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first heat exchanger is part of a first recirculation loop for circulating the cooled water to the cathode of the fuel cell and the second heat exchanger is part of a second recirculation loop fluidly connected to the first recirculation loop.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising creating a positive water balance by increasing a total heat duty rejected through the first heat exchanger with a generally constant heat duty of a second heat exchanger.
11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising creating a negative water balance by lowering a total heat duty rejected through the first heat exchanger.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising creating a neutral water balance by adjusting the total heat duty rejected through the first heat exchanger such that a rate of water vapor exiting the first heat exchanger is about equal to a rate of water produced by the fuel reaction in the fuel cell.