Flight modes and protection envelopes based on inertial attitude estimates for radio-controlled airplanes
The present disclosure describes flight training systems and methods for radio-controlled (RC) airplanes that rely on inertial attitude estimates. Preferred embodiments include an RC airplane with one or more control processors configured to (i) estimate an inertial attitude of the RC airplane based on one or more measurements from an attitude sensor array and (ii) control the inertial attitude of the RC airplane based the inertial attitude estimate. In operation, controlling the attitude of the RC airplane may include both controlling the RC airplane to a specific inertial attitude and/or keeping the inertial attitude of the RC airplane within a predefined flight envelope.
1. A remote-controlled (RC) airplane comprising:
a receiver configured to receive command data corresponding to one or more flight control commands from an RC controller associated with the RC airplane;
an attitude sensor array comprising one or more accelerometers and one more gyroscopes;
a plurality of servomotors configured to adjust one or more control surfaces of the RC airplane; and
a flight control processor configured to (i) estimate an inertial attitude of the RC airplane based on data received from the attitude sensor array, (ii) determine whether the received control command comprises a self-leveling indicator, (iii) in response to determining that the control command comprises a self-leveling indicator, and based at least in part on the estimate of the inertial attitude, generate at least one control signal for application to at least one of the plurality of servomotors to adjust one or more of the control surfaces to place the RC airplane in a leveling flight mode by maintaining a level inertial attitude;
wherein the flight control processor is further configured to (i) determine whether the estimated inertial attitude exceeds at least one of a first inertial pitch range or a first inertial roll range corresponding to a first flight envelope of a first flight mode, (iii) in response to determining that the estimated inertial attitude exceeds at least one of the first inertial pitch range or the first inertial roll range, generate at least one control signal for application to at least one of the plurality of servomotors to adjust one or more of the control surfaces; and (iv) in response to receiving command data comprising at least one control stick input, adjusting at least one of a throttle and/or one or more control surfaces of the RC airplane based on an inertial attitude corresponding to the at least one control stick input, wherein the at least one control stick input corresponds to an inertial attitude of the RC airplane rather than a rate of rotation about a corresponding pitch, roll, or yaw axis of the RC airplane.
2. The RC airplane of claim 1 , wherein the first inertial pitch range comprises a minimum inertial pitch angle and a maximum inertial pitch angle, and wherein the first inertial roll range comprises a minimum inertial roll angle and a maximum inertial roll angle.
3. The RC airplane of claim 1 , wherein the first flight envelope further comprises an inertial yaw range comprising a minimum inertial yaw angle and a maximum inertial yaw angle; and
wherein the one or more processors are further configured to (i) determine whether the RC airplane has exceeded the inertial yaw range, and (ii) in response to determining that the RC airplane has exceeded the inertial yaw range, generate at least one control signal for application to at least one of the plurality of servomotors to adjust one or more of the control surfaces.
4. The RC airplane of claim 1 , wherein the flight control processor is further configured to activate the first flight mode of the plurality of flight modes in response to receiving a flight mode activation command from an RC controller associated with the RC airplane.
5. The RC airplane of claim 1 , wherein the first flight mode is one of a plurality of flight modes comprising:
a panic flight mode comprising a panic flight envelope having corresponding ranges for inertial pitch and inertial roll;
the first flight mode, wherein the first inertial pitch range and the first inertial roll range of the first flight envelope are wider than the corresponding inertial pitch and inertial roll ranges for the panic flight mode; and
the leveling flight mode.
6. A flight control unit for a radio-controlled (RC) airplane comprising:
a receiver configured to receive command data corresponding to one or more flight control commands from an RC controller associated with the RC airplane;
an attitude sensor array comprising one or more accelerometers and one more gyroscopes;
a plurality of servomotors configured to adjust one or more control surfaces of the RC airplane; and
a flight control processor configured to (i) estimate an inertial attitude of the RC airplane based on data received from the attitude sensor array, (ii) determine whether the received control command comprises a self-leveling indicator, (iii) in response to determining that the control command comprises a self-leveling indicator, and based at least in part on the estimate of the inertial attitude, generate at least one control signal for application to at least one of the plurality of servomotors to adjust one or more of the control surfaces to place the RC airplane in a leveling flight mode by maintaining a level inertial attitude;
wherein the flight control processor is further configured to (i) determine whether the estimated inertial attitude exceeds at least one of a first inertial pitch range or a first inertial roll range corresponding to a first flight envelope of a first flight mode, (iii) in response to determining that the estimated inertial attitude exceeds at least one of the first inertial pitch range or the first inertial roll range, generate at least one control signal for application to at least one of the plurality of servomotors to adjust one or more of the control surfaces; and (iv) in response to receiving command data comprising at least one control stick input, adjusting at least one of a throttle and/or one or more control surfaces of the RC airplane based on an inertial attitude corresponding to the at least one control stick input, wherein the at least one control stick input corresponds to an inertial attitude of the RC airplane rather than a rate of rotation about a corresponding pitch, roll, or yaw axis of the RC airplane.
7. The flight control unit of claim 6 , wherein the first inertial pitch range comprises a minimum inertial pitch angle and a maximum inertial pitch angle, and wherein the first inertial roll range comprises a minimum inertial roll angle and a maximum inertial roll angle.
8. The flight control unit of 6 , wherein the first flight envelope further comprises an inertial yaw range comprising a minimum inertial yaw angle and a maximum inertial yaw angle; and
wherein the one or more processors are further configured to (i) determine whether the RC airplane has exceeded the inertial yaw range, and (ii) in response to determining that the RC airplane has exceeded the inertial yaw range, generate at least one control signal for application to at least one of the plurality of servomotors to adjust one or more of the control surfaces.
9. The flight control unit of claim 6 , wherein the flight control processor is further configured to activate the first flight mode of the plurality of flight modes in response to receiving a flight mode activation command from an RC controller associated with the RC airplane.
10. The flight control unit of claim 6 , wherein the first flight mode is one of a plurality of flight modes comprising:
a panic flight mode comprising a panic flight envelope having corresponding ranges for inertial pitch and inertial roll;
the first flight mode, wherein the first inertial pitch range and the first inertial roll range of the first flight envelope are wider than the corresponding inertial pitch and inertial roll ranges for the panic flight mode; and
the leveling flight mode.