TARGETED CONJUGATES ENCAPSULATED IN PARTICLES AND FORMULATIONS THEREOF
Particles, including nanoparticles and microparticles, and pharmaceutical formulations thereof, containing conjugates of an active agent such as a therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic agent attached to a targeting moiety via a linker have been designed which can provide improved temporospatial delivery of the active agent and/or improved biodistribution. Methods of making the conjugates, the particles, and the formulations thereof are provided. Methods of administering the formulations to a subject in need thereof are provided, for example, to treat or prevent cancer or infectious diseases.
1 . A polymeric controlled release nanoparticle comprising a conjugate of a chemotherapeutic agent bound via a linker to a targeting moiety,
wherein the nanoparticle is synthesized as a solid polymeric nanoparticle having a diameter of between about 10 nm to about 500 nm,
wherein no additional targeting moieties are present on the surface of the nanoparticle,
wherein, upon administration, the nanoparticle preferentially accumulates at sites of solid tumors, and
wherein the target drug load of the nanoparticle is greater than 1%.
2 . The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the target drug load is greater than 5%.
3 . The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the actual drug load is greater than 0.1%.
4 . The nanoparticle of claim 3 , wherein the actual drug load is greater than 4%.
5 . The nanoparticle of claim 3 , wherein the actual drug load is determined using HPLC or UV-Vis absorbance.
6 . The nanoparticle of claim 1 , where the encapsulation efficiency is greater than 30%.
7 . The nanoparticle of claim 6 , wherein the encapsulation efficiency is greater than 50%.
8 . The nanoparticle of claim 6 , wherein the encapsulation efficiency is calculated as the ratio between the actual and target drug load.
9 . The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic polymers, hydrophilic polymers, and copolymers thereof.
10 . The nanoparticle of claim 9 , wherein the hydrophobic polymers are selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyacids, polyhydroxyalkanoates, olycaprolactones, poly(orthoesters), polyanhydrides, poly(phosphazenes), poly(lactide-co-caprolactones), polycarbonates, polyesteramides, polyesters, and copolymers thereof.
11 . The nanoparticle of claim 9 , wherein the hydrophilic polymers are selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene oxides, poly(oxyethylated polyol), poly(olefinic alcohol), polyvinylpyrrolidone), poly(hydroxyalkylmethacrylamide), poly(hydroxyalkylmethacrylate), poly(saccharides), poly(hydroxy acids), poly(vinyl alcohol), and copolymers thereof.
12 . The nanoparticle of claim 9 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly(ethylene oxide), poly(ethylene glycol), poly(propylene glycol), and copolymers thereof.
13 . The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises two or more different polymers.
14 . The nanoparticle of claim 13 , wherein the polymer comprises a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymer.
15 . The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the particle has a diameter between 50 and 120 nm.
16 . The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the conjugate is present in an amount between 0.1% and 10% (w/w) based upon the weight of the nanoparticle.
17 . The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the linker is a cleavable linker.
18 . The nanoparticle of claim 17 , wherein the cleavable linker comprises a —S—S— group.
19 . The nanoparticle of claim 17 , wherein the cleavable linker is selected from the group consisting of pH-sensitive linkers, protease cleavable peptide linkers, nuclease sensitive nucleic acid linkers, lipase sensitive lipid linkers, glycosidase sensitive carbohydrate linkers, hypoxia sensitive linkers, photocleavable linkers, heat-labile linkers, enzyme cleavable linkers, ultrasound-sensitive linkers, and x-ray cleavable linkers.
20 . The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the active agent is a small molecule, a protein, peptide, lipid, carbohydrate, sugar, nucleic acid, or combination thereof.
21 . The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the active agent is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor or maytansine or derivative thereof.
22 . The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the targeting moiety is selected from the group consisting of peptides and polypeptides, antibody mimetics, nucleic acids, glycoproteins, small molecules, carbohydrates, and lipids.
23 . The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the targeting moiety targets a marker selected from the group consisting of CD19, CD70, CD56, prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), alpha integrin, CD22, CD138, EGFR, EphA2, AGS-5, Nectin-4, HER2, GPMNB, CD74, and Le.
24 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising the nanoparticle of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
25 . A method of reducing tumor volume in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the nanoparticle of claim 1 .