Wireless power transmitter

1. A wireless power transmitter, comprising:

a converter comprising switching elements forming a bridge circuit, and configured to output an alternating current (AC) voltage in response to control signals;

a resonator comprising a resonant capacitor and a resonant coil, and configured to receive the AC voltage to wirelessly transmit power; and

a controller configured to perform,

a first mode operation in which a duty of the control signals is fixed, a frequency of one of the control signals is varied in a range from a first reference frequency to a second reference frequency, and the control signals are output, and

a second mode operation in which a frequency of the control signals is fixed, a duty of one of the control signals is reduced in a range from a first reference duty to a detecting duty, and the control signals are output.

2. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the controller further performs a third mode operation in which a frequency of the control signals is fixed, a duty of one of the control signals is increased and the control signals are output.

3. The wireless power transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to turn on and off each of the switching elements in response to a corresponding signal among the control signals, determine an amplitude of the AC voltage according to an operating duty of one of the switching elements, and determine a frequency of the AC voltage according to an operating frequency of one of the switching elements.

4. The wireless power transmitter of claim 3 , wherein the controller is further configured to set the detecting duty while determining whether or not a wireless power receiver is present, and

select and perform one of the first mode operation and the second mode operation based on a difference between a magnitude of power that the wireless power receiver receives in response to the operating frequency being a detecting frequency, a frequency of a signal used to determine whether the wireless power receiver is present and the operating duty is the detecting duty, and a magnitude of power required by the wireless power receiver.

5. The wireless power transmitter of claim 3 , wherein the controller sets the detecting duty while determining whether or not a wireless power receiver is present,

during the first mode operation, the controller outputs the control signals so that the operating duty is fixed as the detecting duty, and

during the second mode operation, the controller outputs the control signals so that the operating frequency is fixed as the second reference frequency.

6. The wireless power transmitter of claim 5 , wherein the controller further performs a third mode operation in which the operating duty is fixed as the first reference duty, the operating frequency is varied in a range from the second reference frequency to a maximum frequency, and the control signals are output.

7. The wireless power transmitter of claim 5 , wherein the bridge circuit is a full bridge circuit comprising a first leg and a second leg, and

the controller further performs a third mode operation in which the operating frequency is fixed as the second reference frequency, a duty of the first leg is fixed as the detecting duty, and a duty of the second leg is varied.

8. The wireless power transmitter of claim 5 , wherein the bridge circuit is a full bridge circuit comprising a first leg and a second leg, and

the controller further performs a third mode operation in which a duty of the first leg is fixed as the detecting duty, a duty of the second leg is fixed as 100, and the operating frequency is varied in a range from the second reference frequency to a maximum frequency.

9. A wireless power transmitter, comprising:

a converter comprising switching elements forming a bridge circuit, and configured to output an AC voltage in response to control signals;

a resonator comprising a resonant capacitor and a resonant coil, and configured to receive the AC voltage to wirelessly transmit power; and

a controller configured to perform

a first mode operation in which a duty of the control signals is fixed, a frequency of one of the control signals is varied in a range from a first reference frequency to a second reference frequency and the control signals are output,

a second mode operation in which a frequency of the control signals is fixed, a duty of one of the control signals is varied in a range from a first reference duty to a second reference duty and the control signals are output, and

a third mode operation in which a duty of the control signals is fixed, a frequency of one of the control signals is varied in a range below the first reference frequency and the control signals are output.

10. The wireless power transmitter of claim 9 , wherein each of the switching elements is turned on and off in response to a corresponding signal among the control signals, an amplitude of the AC voltage is determined according to an operating duty of one of the switching elements, and a frequency of the AC voltage is determined according to an operating frequency of one of the switching elements.

11. The wireless power transmitter of claim 10 , wherein, during the first mode operation, the controller outputs the control signals having a frequency in a range from the first reference frequency to the second reference frequency while having a first reference duty,

during the second mode operation, the controller outputs the control signals having the first reference frequency, and varying a duty of one of the control signals in a range from a first duty to a second duty, and

during the third mode operation, the controller outputs the control signals having

a frequency in a range below the first reference frequency while having the second duty.

12. The wireless power transmitter of claim 9 , wherein the controller further performs a fourth mode operation in which a frequency of the control signals is fixed, a duty of one of the control signals is varied in a range above the second reference duty and the control signals are output.

13. A wireless power transmitter, comprising:

a converter comprising switching elements forming a bridge circuit, and configured to output an AC voltage in response to control signals;

a resonator comprising a resonant capacitor and a resonant coil, and configured to receive the AC voltage to wirelessly transmit power; and

a controller configured to perform,

a first mode operation in which a duty of the control signals is fixed, a frequency of one of the control signals is determined based on error information received from a wireless power receiver, and the control signals are output, and

a second mode operation in which a frequency of the control signals is fixed, a duty of one of the control signals is determined based on the error information, and the control signals are output in response to the determined frequency being outside of a reference range in the first mode operation,

wherein the controller is further configured to set a detecting duty while determining whether or not the wireless power receiver is present, perform the first mode operation by setting the duty of one of the control signals as the detecting duty, determine the frequency of one of the control signals based on the error information, and output the control signals according to the detecting duty and the determined frequency, and

in response to the determined frequency having been determined in the first mode operation being below a first reference frequency, the controller is further configured to perform the second mode operation by setting the frequency of one of the control signals as the first reference frequency, determine the duty of one of the control signals based on the error information, and output the control signals according to the first reference frequency and the determined duty.

14. The wireless power transmitter of claim 13 , wherein, in response to the determined frequency of the first mode operation being above a second reference frequency, the controller is further configured to perform the second mode operation by setting a frequency of one of the control signals as the second reference frequency, determine the duty of one of the control signals based on the error information, and output the control signals according to the second reference frequency and the determined duty.

15. The wireless power transmitter of claim 13 , wherein, in response to the duty in the second mode operation being below a first reference duty that is lower than the detecting duty, the controller is further configured to perform a third mode operation by setting the duty of one of the control signals as the first reference duty, determine the frequency of one of the control signals based on the error information, and output the control signals according to the first reference duty and the determined frequency.

16. The wireless power transmitter of claim 14 , wherein

the bridge circuit is a full bridge circuit comprising a first leg and a second leg, and

in response to the determined duty in the second mode operation being below a first reference duty that is lower than the detecting duty, the controller is further configured to perform a third mode operation by setting the duty of one of the control signals, control the switching elements of the first leg, as the first reference duty, determine the duty of the one of the control signals, control the switching elements of the second leg, based on the error information, and output the control signals according to the second reference frequency, the first reference duty, and the determined duty.

17. The wireless power transmitter of claim 16 , wherein in response to the determined duty in the second mode operation being above a second reference duty that is higher than the detecting duty, the controller is further configured to perform a third mode operation by setting a duty of one of the control signals as the second reference duty, determine the frequency of one of the control signals based on the error information, and output the control signals according to the second reference duty and the determined frequency.

18. The wireless power transmitter of claim 13 , wherein each of the switching elements is turned on and off in response to a corresponding signal among the control signals, an amplitude of the AC voltage is determined according to an operating duty of one of the switching elements, and a frequency of the AC voltage is determined according to an operating frequency of one of the switching elements.

19. A method of a wireless power transmitter, comprising:

forming a bridge circuit using switching elements to output an alternating current (AC) voltage, in response to control signals, to wirelessly transmit power;

performing a first mode operation comprising

fixing a duty of the control signals,

varying a frequency of one of the control signals in a range from a first reference frequency to a second reference frequency, and

outputting the control signals; and

performing a second mode operation comprising

fixing a frequency of the control signals,

reducing a duty of one of the control signals in a range from a first reference duty to a detecting duty, and outputting the control signals.

20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:

performing a third mode operation comprising

fixing the frequency of one of the control signals,

increasing the duty of one of the control signals in a range below the first reference frequency, and outputting the control signals.

21. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:

turning on and off each of the switching elements in response to a corresponding signal among the control signals;

determining an amplitude of the AC voltage according to an operating duty of one of the switching elements; and

determining a frequency of the AC voltage according to an operating frequency of one of the switching elements.

22. The method of claim 21 , further comprising:

setting the detecting duty while determining whether or not a wireless power receiver is present; and

selecting and performing one of the first mode operation and the second mode operation based on a difference between a magnitude of power received in response to the operating frequency being a detecting frequency, a frequency of a signal used to determine whether the wireless power receiver is present and the operating duty is the detecting duty, and a magnitude of power required by the wireless power receiver.