Hypersaturation index
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a hypersaturation index for measuring a patient's absorption of oxygen in the blood stream after a patient has reached 100% oxygen saturation. This hypersaturation index provides an indication of the partial pressure of oxygen of a patient. In an embodiment of the present invention, a hypersaturation index is calculated based on the absorption ratio of two different wavelengths of energy at a measuring site. In an embodiment of the invention, a maximum hypersaturation index threshold is determined such that an alarm is triggered when the hypersaturation index reaches or exceeds the threshold. In another embodiment, an alarm is triggered when the hypersaturation index reaches or falls below its starting point when it was first calculated.
1. A noninvasive patient monitoring system for providing an indication of a patient's amount of oxygen reserves in the patient's body, the oxygen reserve being oxygen dissolved in the patient's blood during a hyperoxic state of the patient and different from a measure of a percentage of oxyhemoglobin in the blood at a time of measurement acquisition, the system comprising:
one or more light emitters configured to emit at least a plurality of wavelengths of light into a portion of the patient's body;
a light detector configured to detect the light after attenuation by the body and output one or more signals responsive to the attenuated light, the attenuation responsive to oxygenation of the patient's blood;
one or more signal processors configured to process the one or more signals to electronically calculate an indicator responsive to the oxygen reserve, wherein the indicator is calculated based on a ratio of information from at least a first of the plurality of wavelengths and information from at least a second of the plurality of wavelengths during the hyperoxic state of the patient; and
a display responsive to output of the one or more signal processors to electronically display a shaded or colored area responsive to the indicator, the amount of shading or coloring responsive to the patient's amount of oxygen reserve.
2. The patient monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the area comprises a bar.
3. The patient monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein a greater amount of shading or coloring indicates a greater amount of oxygen reserve.
4. The patient monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to electronically calculate a second indicator responsive to the percentage of oxyhemoglobin in blood, the second indicator being the patient's oxygen saturation.
5. The patient monitoring system of claim 4 , wherein the display is further configured to electronically display a value responsive to the second indicator.
6. The patient monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the display is further configured to generate an alarm in response to the indicator crossing a threshold.
7. A noninvasive method of providing an indication of a patient's oxygen state different from oxygen saturation, wherein the oxygen saturation is a measure of a percentage of oxyhemoglobin in the blood at a time of measurement acquisition, the method comprising:
using an electronic light source including one or more light emitters, emitting at least a plurality of wavelengths of light into a portion of the patient's body;
using an electronic light detector, detecting the light after attenuation by the body, the attenuation responsive to oxygenation of the patient's blood, and outputting one or more signals from the light detector, the one or more signals responsive to the attenuation;
processing the one or more signals using one or more signal processors to electronically calculate an indicator responsive to a quantity of oxygen dissolved in the patient's blood and not bound to any hemoglobin while the patient is in a hyperoxic state, the indicator calculated based on a ratio of information from at least a first of the plurality of wavelengths and information from at least a second of the plurality of wavelengths during the hyperoxic state of the patient; and
electronically displaying a shaded or colored area responsive to the indicator, the amount of shading or coloring responsive to the quantity of oxygen dissolved in the patient's blood and not bound to any hemoglobin.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the area comprises a bar.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein a greater amount of shading or coloring indicates a larger quantity of oxygen dissolved in the patient's blood and not bound to any hemoglobin.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein processing further comprises electronically calculating a second indicator responsive to the oxygen saturation.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising electronically displaying a value responsive to the second indicator.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein electronically displaying further comprises generating an alarm in response to the indicator crossing a threshold.
13. A noninvasive patient monitoring system for providing an indication of a patient's amount of oxygen reserves in the patient's body, the oxygen reserve being oxygen dissolved in the patient's blood during a hyperoxic state of the patient and different from a measure of a percentage of oxyhemoglobin in the blood at a time of measurement acquisition, the system comprising:
an input of an electronic physiological monitor, the input configured to receive one or more signals responsive to light of at least a plurality of wavelengths attenuated by body tissue of the patient, the one or more signals output from a light detector configured to detect the attenuated light;
one or more physiological hardware processors of the electronic physiological monitor, the one or more processors configured to electronically calculate an indicator responsive to the oxygen reserve, wherein the indicator is responsive to a ratiometric calculation, the ratiometric calculation including a denominator responsive to portions of the one or more signals that were responsive to at least one of the plurality of wavelengths during the hyperoxic state of the patient and a numerator responsive to portions of the one or more signals that were responsive to at least another of the plurality of wavelengths during the hyperoxic state of the patient; and
a display responsive to output of the one or more signal processors to electronically display a shaded or colored area responsive to the indicator, the amount of shading or coloring responsive to the patient's amount of oxygen reserve.
14. The patient monitoring system of claim 13 , wherein the area comprises a bar.
15. The patient monitoring system of claim 13 , wherein a greater amount of shading or coloring indicates a greater amount of oxygen reserve.
16. The patient monitoring system of claim 13 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to electronically calculate a second indicator responsive to the percentage of oxyhemoglobin in the blood, the second indicator being the patient's oxygen saturation.
17. The patient monitoring system of claim 16 , wherein the display is further configured to electronically display a value responsive to the second indicator.
18. The patient monitoring system of claim 13 , wherein the display is further configured to generate an alarm in response to the indicator crossing a threshold.