In vivo RNA or protein expression using double-stranded concatemeric DNA including phosphorothioated nucleotides
A method for in vivo RNA or protein expression is provided. The method includes introducing a double-stranded concatemeric DNA into a eukaryotic cell to generate a desired RNA or protein. The double-stranded concatemeric DNA includes a plurality of tandem repeat sequences, wherein each of the plurality of tandem repeat sequences comprises an expression sequence. The double-stranded concatemeric DNA comprises one or more phosphorothioated nucleotides, wherein a ratio of phosphorothioated nucleotides to total nucleotides in the double-stranded concatemeric DNA is at least 1:1600. A eukaryotic cell comprising an exogeneous, double-stranded concatemeric DNA comprising the plurality of tandem repeat sequences is also provided.
1. A method for in vivo RNA or protein expression, the method comprising:
introducing a double-stranded concatemeric DNA into a eukaryotic cell to generate a desired RNA or protein,
wherein the double-stranded concatemeric DNA comprises a plurality of tandem repeat sequences, and wherein each of the plurality of tandem repeat sequences comprises an expression sequence,
wherein the double-stranded concatemeric DNA comprises one or more phosphorothioated nucleotides; and
wherein a ratio of phosphorothioated nucleotides to total nucleotides in the double-stranded concatemeric DNA is at least 1:1600.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the double-stranded concatemeric DNA is a rolling circle amplification (RCA) product DNA.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of phosphorothioated nucleotides to total nucleotides in the double-stranded concatemeric DNA is in a range of 1:1600 to 125:1600.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of phosphorothioated nucleotides to total nucleotides in the double-stranded concatemeric DNA is in a range of 50:1600 to 125:1600.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of phosphorothioated nucleotides to total nucleotides in the double-stranded concatemeric DNA is in a range of 75:1600 to 125:1600.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of phosphorothioated nucleotides to total nucleotides in the double-stranded concatemeric DNA is 125:1600.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the double-stranded concatemeric DNA is an unprocessed or a processed RCA product DNA.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the expression sequence comprises a coding sequence, a non-coding sequence, or a combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the coding sequence comprises a promoter, an open reading frame, and optionally a cap-independent translation element (CITE).
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the cap-independent translation element (CITE) comprises an internal ribosome entry site (IRES), a translation enhancing element (TEE), or a combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the open reading frame comprises a codon-optimized sequence for enhancing translation.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the open reading frame comprises a tag sequence for purification of the desired protein, an amino-terminal peptide fusion sequence derived from an IRES for enhanced ribosome recognition, or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the non-coding sequence comprises a promoter and a transcription termination sequence.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the non-coding sequence comprises a sequence for antisense RNA, a short interfering RNA (siRNA), a short hairpin RNA (shRNA), a microRNA (miRNA), a microRNA mimic, a transfer RNA (tRNA), a ribosomal RNA (rRNA), CRISPR RNAs, or combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the expression sequence is a minimalistic expression sequence that is devoid of any extraneous sequences that are required for propagation of a plasmid in a host cell.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the expression sequence further comprises a polyA sequence, a transcriptional termination sequence, an insulator sequence, or a combination thereof.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the double-stranded concatemeric DNA further comprises an inosine-containing nucleotide, a Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) nucleotide, a Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) nucleotide, 2-amino-deoxyadenosine, 2-thio-deoxythymidine, a polycation nucleotide, or a combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the double-stranded concatemeric DNA is delivered to a eukaryotic cell by electroporation, sonoporation, impalefection, transduction, optical transfection, magnetofection, nucleofection, hydrodynamic delivery, heat shock-mediated gene delivery, nanoparticle mediated gene-gun delivery, calcium phosphate-mediated delivery, cationic polymer-mediated delivery, or liposome-mediated delivery.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the double-stranded concatemeric DNA is an RCA product DNA produced using a primer comprising an inosine-containing nucleotide, a Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) nucleotide, a Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) nucleotide, 2-amino-deoxyadenosine, 2-thio-deoxythymidine, a polycation nucleotide, or a combination thereof.
20. A eukaryotic cell comprising:
an exogeneous, double-stranded concatemeric DNA comprising a plurality of tandem repeat sequences;
wherein each of the plurality of tandem repeat sequences comprises a phosphorothioated nucleotide, and
wherein a ratio of phosphorothioated nucleotides to total nucleotides is at least 1:1600.
21. The eukaryotic cell of claim 20 , wherein the exogeneous, double-stranded concatemeric DNA is an unprocessed or a processed RCA product DNA.
22. The eukaryotic cell of claim 20 , wherein the eukaryotic cell comprises a protozoa, a yeast cell, an insect cell, a plant cell, or a mammalian cell.