Method and apparatus for charging multiple energy storage devices
An electric vehicle includes a controller configured to receive sensor feedback from a high voltage storage device and from a low voltage storage device, compare the sensor feedback to operating limits of the respective high and low voltage storage device, determine, based on the comparison a total charging current to the high voltage storage device and to the low voltage storage device and a power split factor of the total charging current to the high voltage device and to the low voltage device, and regulate the total power to the low voltage storage device and the high voltage storage device based on the determination.
1. An energy storage and management system (ESMS) for a vehicle propulsion system, the ESMS comprising:
an energy storage device;
a first DC/DC conversion device coupleable to an internal charging source for charging the energy storage device;
a second DC/DC conversion device coupleable to an external charging source for charging the energy storage device;
a plurality of energy ports for coupling the energy storage device to at least one of the first and second DC/DC conversion devices, the plurality of energy ports including:
a first energy port coupled to the energy storage device;
a second energy port coupled to the energy storage device;
a third energy port coupled to the first DC/DC conversion device; and
a fourth energy port coupled to the second DC/DC conversion device; and
a control system configured to:
selectively control operation of the first DC/DC conversion device when charging the energy storage device from the internal charging source; and
selectively control operation of the second DC/DC conversion device when charging the energy storage device from the external charging source.
2. The ESMS of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device is a battery.
3. The ESMS of claim 1 , further comprising a second energy storage device.
4. The ESMS of claim 1 , wherein the first DC/DC conversion device comprises a bi-directional buck/boost converter.
5. The ESMS of claim 1 , wherein the second DC/DC conversion device comprises a boost converter.
6. The ESMS of claim 1 , wherein the internal charging source comprises at least one electric motor/generator.
7. The ESMS of claim 6 , further comprising an inverter coupled to the electric motor/generator.
8. The ESMS of claim 1 , wherein the external charging source is an external AC source.
9. The ESMS of claim 1 , wherein the control system is further configured to:
monitor a temperature of the energy storage device;
control operation of the first DC/DC conversion device based on the monitored temperature of the energy storage device when charging the energy storage device from the internal charging source; and
control operation of the second DC/DC conversion device based on the monitored temperature of the energy storage device when charging the energy storage device from the external charging source.
10. The ESMS of claim 1 , wherein the control system is further configured to:
monitor a current of the energy storage device;
control operation of the first DC/DC conversion device based on the monitored current of the energy storage device when charging the energy storage device from the internal charging source; and
control operation of the second DC/DC conversion device based on the monitored current of the energy storage device when charging the energy storage device from the external charging source.
11. The ESMS of claim 1 , wherein the control system is further configured to:
monitor a voltage of the first DC/DC conversion device;
monitor a voltage of the second DC/DC conversion device;
control operation of the first DC/DC conversion device based on the monitored voltage of the first DC/DC conversion device when charging the energy storage device from the internal charging source; and
control operation of the second DC/DC conversion device based on the monitored voltage of the second DC/DC conversion device when charging the energy storage device from the external charging source.
12. The ESMS of claim 1 , wherein the control system comprises one or more controllers.
13. A vehicle propulsion system, comprising:
a vehicle drivetrain;
an energy storage device coupled to the vehicle drivetrain;
a first DC/DC conversion device coupleable to an internal charging source for charging the energy storage device;
a second DC/DC conversion device coupleable to an external charging source for charging the energy storage device;
a plurality of energy ports for coupling the energy storage device to at least one of the first and second DC/DC conversion devices, the plurality of energy ports including:
a first energy port coupled to the energy storage device;
a second energy port coupled to the energy storage device;
a third energy port coupled to the first DC/DC conversion device; and
a fourth energy port coupled to the second DC/DC conversion device; and
a control system configured to:
selectively control operation of the first DC/DC conversion device when charging the energy storage device from the internal charging source; and
selectively control operation of the second DC/DC conversion device when charging the energy storage device from the external charging source.
14. The vehicle propulsion system of claim 13 , wherein the vehicle drivetrain comprises a transmission coupled to an internal combustion engine.
15. The vehicle propulsion system of claim 13 , wherein the energy storage device is a battery.
16. The vehicle propulsion system of claim 13 , wherein the first DC/DC conversion device comprises a bi-directional buck/boost converter.
17. The vehicle propulsion system of claim 13 , wherein the internal charging source comprises at least one electric motor/generator.
18. The vehicle propulsion system of claim 13 , wherein the second DC/DC conversion device comprises a boost converter.
19. The vehicle propulsion system of claim 13 , wherein the control system is further configured to:
monitor a temperature of the energy storage device;
control operation of the first DC/DC conversion device based on the monitored temperature of the energy storage device when charging the energy storage device from the internal charging source; and
control operation of the second DC/DC conversion device based on the monitored temperature of the energy storage device when charging the energy storage device from the external charging source.
20. The vehicle propulsion system of claim 13 , wherein the control system is further configured to:
monitor a current of the energy storage device;
control operation of the first DC/DC conversion device based on the monitored current of the energy storage device when charging the energy storage device from the internal charging source; and
control operation of the second DC/DC conversion device based on the monitored current of the energy storage device when charging the energy storage device from the external charging source.
21. The vehicle propulsion system of claim 13 , wherein the control system is further configured to:
monitor a voltage of the first DC/DC conversion device;
monitor a voltage of the second DC/DC conversion device;
control operation of the first DC/DC conversion device based on the monitored voltage of the first DC/DC conversion device when charging the energy storage device from the internal charging source; and
control operation of the second DC/DC conversion device based on the monitored voltage of the second DC/DC conversion device when charging the energy storage device from the external charging source.