Method of making silver-containing dispersions with nitrogenous bases
View Patent ↗A method is used to prepare silver nanoparticle cellulosic polymer composites. A cellulosic polymer, reducible silver ions in an amount of a weight ratio to the cellulosic polymer of 5:1 to 50:1, and an organic solvent are mixed. Each organic solvent has a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of 100° C. to 500° C. The Hansen parameter (δ T Polymer ) of the cellulosic polymer is less than or equal to the Hansen parameter (δ T Solvent ) of the organic solvent. The resulting premix solution is heated to at least 75° C., and a (d) nitrogenous base is added to provide a concentration of the nitrogenous base in an equimolar amount or in molar excess in relation to the amount of reducible silver ions, thereby forming a silver nanoparticle cellulosic polymer composite. After cooling, the silver nanoparticle cellulosic polymer composite is isolated and re-dispersed in an organic solvent to provide a non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion.
1. A method comprising, in sequence:
A) mixing:
(a) one or more polymers selected from one or more of cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose;
(b) reducible silver ions present in an amount of a weight ratio of (b) reducible silver ions to the one or more (a) polymers of at least 5:1 and up to and including 50:1; and
(c) one or more organic solvents, each of which has a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of at least 100° C. and up to but less than 500° C., wherein the Hansen parameter (δ T Polymer ) of each of the one or more polymers is less than or equal to the Hansen parameter (δ T Solvent ) of each of the one or more organic solvents,
to form a premix solution;
B) heating the premix solution to a temperature of at least 75° C.;
C) while keeping the premix solution at the temperature of at least 75° C., adding a (d) nitrogenous base having a pKa in acetonitrile of at least 15 and up to and including 25 at 25° C., to provide a concentration of the (d) nitrogenous base in an equimolar amount or in molar excess in relation to the amount of (b) reducible silver ions,
to form a silver nanoparticle composite;
D) after cooling, isolating the silver nanoparticle composite; and
E) re-dispersing the silver nanoparticle composite in the same or different one or more (c) organic solvents used in A), to provide a non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion comprising the silver nanoparticle composite.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
disposing the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion onto a substrate, and
removing the same or different one or more (c) organic solvents.
3. The method of claim 2 , comprising disposing the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion onto the substrate in a patternwise manner.
4. The method of claim 2 , comprising disposing the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion onto the substrate using inkjet printing, screen printing, flexographic printing, or gravure printing.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the substrate has a first supporting side and a second opposing supporting side, and the method comprises disposing the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion onto the substrate in a patternwise manner to form at least one pattern of the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion on at least the first supporting side.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the substrate is a continuous polymeric film, and the method comprises disposing the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion onto the substrate in a manner to form multiple patterns of the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion on at least the first supporting side.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising disposing the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion onto the substrate in a manner to form multiple patterns of the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion on the second opposing supporting side.
8. The method of claim 6 , comprising disposing the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion onto the substrate to form multiple patterns of the non-aqueous silver-containing composition on both the first supporting side and the second opposing supporting side using one or more flexographic printing members.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein the substrate is a continuous web that is unrolled from a supply roll and is taken up using a take-up roll, and the method is carried out in a continuous roll-to-roll manner.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silver is present in the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion at a weight ratio to the one or more (a) polymers of at least 5:1 and up to and including 20:1.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more (c) organic solvents is one or more hydroxylic organic solvents each having an α-hydrogen atom and is chosen from the group consisting of n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, n-decanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, benzyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, secondary butylcarbinol, secondary butyl alcohol, secondary amyl alcohol, diethyl carbinol, methyl isobutyl carbinol, methyl-3-heptanol, diisobutyl carbinol, dodecanol-Z, methyl allyl carbinol, cyclohexanol, methyl cyclohexyl carbinol, phenyl methyl carbinol, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, methoxy isopropanol, and a combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous base is an aromatic cyclic compound.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogenous base is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), cyclohexylamine, piperidine, N-methyl pipperidine, N-methyl-3-piperidinol, ethanol amine, 2-(ethylamino)ethanol, 2-(methylamino)ethanol, 2-(butylamino)ethanol, methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), diethanolamine (DEA), diglycolamine (DGA), diethylaminoethanol (DEAE), substituted or unsubstituted non-polymeric pyridine, picolines, lutidines, quinoline, purine, isoquinoline, imidazole, benzimidazole, benzthiazole, thiazole, oxazole, benzoxazole, 4,4′-bipyridine, pyrazine, triazine, pyrimidine, nicotinic acid, and isonicotinic acid compounds, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), and a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the (a) one or more polymer is one or more of carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, and cellulose acetate propionate.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion further contains (e) a carbon black.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion has a viscosity of at least 1 centipoise (0.001 Pascal sec) and up to and including 5000 centipoise (5 Pascal sec) at 25° C.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous silver-containing dispersion has a viscosity of at least 3 centipoise (0.003 Pascal sec) and up to and including 10 centipoise (0.01 Pascal sec) at 25° C.