Detecting apparatus
The present invention provides an apparatus for locating and positioning oilwell tool joints. This invention is particularly useful when the apparatus is placed near a Blowout Preventer (BOP) because it can be used to make sure that a tool joint is not present between the BOP rams. In some embodiments, the invention makes use of magnetic flux creation and detection by electromagnetic coils while a portion of the riser is magnetically saturated by powerful permanent magnets. Different configurations of the driving and sensing coils are possible so that it is possible to locate the tool joints longitudinally and radially within the apparatus. The apparatus is easily retrofitted to existing risers without altering ongoing operations because it can be opened before installation and closed once installed.
1. An apparatus for detecting a mass of material that has a magnetic permeability different to that of the surrounding environment within a tubular, the apparatus comprising:
at least one primary magnetic field source adapted to be mounted to an external surface of a tubular wall and establish a magnetic field in a portion of the tubular wall, the magnetic field, in use, reducing the magnetic permeability of the tubular wall portion;
at least one secondary magnetic field source adapted to be located externally of the tubular wall portion, each of the at least one secondary magnetic field source being adapted to establish a magnetic field within a throughbore defined by the tubular wall; and
at least one sense coil, each of the at least one sense coil being adapted to measure a rate of change of the magnetic field within the tubular throughbore.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 comprising a plurality of sense coils.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the at least one primary magnetic field source is adapted to establish a magnetic field within the throughbore defined by the tubular wall.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a plurality of secondary magnetic field sources, each source being adapted to establish a magnetic field within the throughbore defined by the tubular wall.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the at least one primary magnetic field source and/or the at least one secondary magnetic field source comprise at least one permanent magnet.
6. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the at least one primary magnetic field source and/or the at least one secondary magnetic field source comprise at least one temporary magnet.
7. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the at least one sense coil is arranged adjacent the tubular wall portion.
8. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the at least one sense coil is arranged around part of the circumference of the tubular wall portion.
9. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the apparatus comprises a plurality of primary magnetic field sources and wherein each primary magnetic field source is adapted to establish a magnetic circuit within a different portion of the tubular wall.
10. An apparatus according to claim 1 being configured to measure the self-inductance of a drive coil.
11. An apparatus according to claim 1 comprising at least one element of elevated magnetic permeability configured to channel the magnetic flux created by each of the at least one primary magnetic field source at the outer side of the/each primary magnetic field source.
12. An apparatus according to claim 1 comprising at least one element of elevated magnetic permeability configured to channel the magnetic flux created by each of the at least one secondary magnetic field source at the outer side of each of the at least one secondary magnetic field source.
13. A method of detecting a mass of material within a tubular, the method comprising the steps of:
reducing a magnetic permeability of a portion of a tubular wall;
establishing a magnetic field within a tubular throughbore through said portion of the tubular wall; and
measuring a rate of change of the magnetic field associated with the presence of a mass of material within the tubular.
14. A method according to claim 13 comprising the step of varying the magnetic field within the tubular to vary the magnetic field associated with the presence of the mass of material within the tubular.
15. A method according to claim 13 comprising the step of measuring the rate of change of magnetic field within the tubular at multiple separate locations.
16. An apparatus for detecting a mass of material that has a magnetic permeability different to that of the surrounding environment within a tubular, the apparatus comprising:
at least one primary magnetic field source adapted to be mounted to an external surface of a tubular wall and establish a magnetic field in a portion of the tubular wall, the magnetic field, in use, reducing the magnetic permeability of the tubular wall portion;
at least one secondary magnetic field source adapted to be located externally of the tubular wall portion, the at least one secondary magnetic field source being adapted to establish a variable magnetic field within a throughbore defined by the tubular wall portion; and
a plurality of sense coils, each of the plurality of sense coils being adapted to measure a rate of change of the magnetic field within the tubular throughbore.
17. An apparatus according to claim 16 wherein the plurality of sense coils cooperatively define at least one circumference.
18. An apparatus according to claim 16 wherein each of the plurality of sense coils is arranged such that it defines a closed area on the tubular wall.
19. An apparatus according to claim 16 wherein the at least one secondary magnetic source is a plurality of drive coils.
20. An apparatus according to claim 16 comprising drive electronics to control at least one of a plurality of drive coils.
21. An apparatus according to claim 16 comprising sensing electronics to control the plurality of sense coils.
22. An apparatus according to claim 16 wherein the plurality of sense coils are individually connected to control electronic circuits.
23. An apparatus comprising:
a primary magnetic field source to establish a magnetic field in a portion of a tubular wall to reduce a magnetic permeability of a tubular wall;
a secondary magnetic field source to establish a magnetic field within a throughbore defined by the tubular wall; and
a sense coil to measure a rate of change of the magnetic field within the throughbore.