Methods for producing liquid composition, polymer electrolyte membrane, catalyst layer, and membrane/electrode assembly
A method for producing a liquid composition containing a fluoropolymer having sulfonic acid groups, trivalent cerium ions and water, by (1) irradiating a solution containing at least one cerium compound selected from cerium carbonate, cerium hydroxide and cerium oxide, the fluoropolymer and the water, with light at least partially in a wavelength region from 300 to 400 nm so that the ultraviolet irradiance on the surface of the solution is at least 0.1 mW/cm 2 or (2) adding a reducing agent to a solution containing at least one cerium compound selected from cerium carbonate, cerium hydroxide and cerium oxide, the fluoropolymer and the water.
1. A method for producing a liquid composition containing a fluoropolymer having sulfonic acid groups, trivalent cerium ions and water, the method comprising adding a reducing agent to a solution containing at least one cerium compound selected from the group consisting of cerium carbonate, cerium hydroxide and cerium oxide, the fluoropolymer, the water, and cerium (IV) formed from mixing the at least one cerium compound and water,
wherein the reducing agent is at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, acetaldehyde, and formic acid; and
wherein said reducing agent is added to the solution to reduce cerium (IV) to trivalent cerium ions.
2. The method for producing a liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent is added in an amount of from 0.47 to 90 mol % relative to elemental cerium (100 mol %) in the cerium compound.
3. The method for producing a liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the fluoropolymer having sulfonic acid groups in the liquid composition (100 mass %) is from 1 to 50 mass %.
4. The method for producing a liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the water in the liquid composition (100 mass %) is from 20 to 60 mass %.
5. The method for producing a liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein a content of trivalent cerium ions is from 1.6 to 23.3 equivalents relative to the sulfonic acid groups in the fluoropolymer (100 equivalents).
6. The method for producing a liquid composition according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid composition further contains an organic solvent having a hydroxyl group.
7. The method for producing a liquid composition according to claim 6 , wherein a proportion of the organic solvent having a hydroxyl group to a sum of the water and the organic solvent having a hydroxyl group (100 mass %) is from 1 to 90 mass %.
8. A method for producing a polymer electrolyte membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, which comprises obtaining a liquid composition by the method as defined in claim 1 , and then forming a polymer electrolyte membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell by using the liquid composition.