Methods of maintaining, expanding, and differentiating neuronal subtype specific progenitors
Methods for expanding proliferating populations of neuronal subtype-specific progenitors and creating substantially pure populations of motor neurons are provided herein. In particular, the present invention provides methods for maintaining the unique gene profile and differentiation potential of neuronal subtype-specific progenitors, such as motor neuron progenitors and hindbrain serotonergic neural progenitors.
1. A method for expanding and maintaining a population of Olig2 + Nkx2.2 − motor neuron progenitors, the method comprising
(a) culturing the Olig2 + Nkx2.2 − motor neuron progenitors in a culture medium comprising:
a Wnt signaling pathway agonist selected from the group consisting of CHIR99021 and 6-bromo-iridium-3′-oxime used in a concentration of about 1 μm to 10 μm,
an inhibitor of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway selected from the group consisting of DMH-1, Dorsomorphin, and LDN-193189, wherein the concentration of the BMP signaling pathway inhibitor is about 1 μM to 10 μM,
an inhibitor of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway selected from the group consisting of SB431542, SB505124, and A83-01 used in a concentration of about 1 μM to 10 μM,
a Notch signaling pathway agonist which is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor selected from the group consisting of valproic acid (VPA), suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and sodium butyrate in an amount of about 0.2 μM to 2μmM,
a SHH signaling pathway agonist selected from purmorphamine and SAG in a concentration of about 0.1 μM to 3 μM, and
a retinoic acid signaling pathway agonist selected from all-trans Retinoic Acid and E23, used in an amount of about 0.01 μM to 1 μM,
(b) detecting within the culture cells of step (a) positive expression of Olig2 and negative expression of Nkx2.2, wherein at least 80% of the population are Olig2 + Nkx2.2 − motor neuron progenitor cells after at least five passages.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises detecting the expression of at least one of SOX1, SOX2, NESTIN, N-Cadherin, and Ki67 in the Olig2 + Nkx2.2 − motor neuron progenitors.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the Olig2 + /Nkx 2 . 2 31 motor neuron progenitors are spinal neural progenitors, and wherein the method further comprises detecting expression of at least one of HOXA5 and HOXB8, and substantially no expression of midbrain, hindbrain, or forebrain markers in the spinal neural progenitor cells.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the TGFβ signaling pathway inhibitor is used at a concentration of about 1 μM to 5.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Olig2 + /Nkx2.2 31 motor neuron progenitors are obtained from pluripotent stem cells.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the pluripotent stem cells are selected from the group consisting of human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the OLIG2 + /Nkx2.2 − motor neuron progenitors culture medium comprises CHIR99021, DMH-1, SB431542, VPA, a SHE pathway agonist, and a RA pathway agonist.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the RA pathway agonist is retinoic acid.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the culture medium comprises between about 1 μM to 3 μM CHIR99021; about 1 μM to 5 μM DMIH-1-1; about 1 μM to 5 μM SB431542; about 0.2 μM-2 μM VPA; about 0.1 μM to 1 μM purmorphamine; and about 0.01 μM to 1 μM RA.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the OLIG2 + spinal motor neuron progenitors are maintained in a culture substantially free of MNX1 + post-mitotic motor neurons for at least 5 weeks.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the OLIG2 + spinal motor neuron progenitors are maintained in a culture substantially free of MNX1 + post-mitotic motor neurons for at least 10 weeks.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the motor neuron progenitors are obtained from pluripotent stem cells.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the pluripotent stem cells are human pluripotent stem cells.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the human pluripotent stem cells are human embryonic stem cells.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the human pluripotent stem cells are human induced pluripotent stem cells.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the motor neuron progenitors are obtained from a human embryo.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Notch signaling pathway agonist is VPA.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising (c) culturing the motor neuron progenitor cells of step (b) in a medium comprising retinoic acid, purmorphamine and a Notch signaling inhibitor, wherein a population of at least 80% pure MNX1 + /ChAT + motor neurons is obtained.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the population is at least 85% pure MNX1 + /ChAT + motor neurons.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the Notch signaling inhibitor is VPA.