Digital control for pulse generators
View Patent ↗A controller for implementing a method, device and/or system for generating arbitrary waveforms of a desired shape that can be used for generating a stimulation pulse for medical purposes such as for spinal cord stimulation therapy, where such arbitrary waveforms can also be used for charge balancing purposes.
1. A pulse generator, comprising:
a stimulation circuit configured to generate a plurality of different stimulation signals;
a first output channel configured to output a first stimulation signal of the plurality of different stimulation signals to a patient, wherein the first stimulation signal has a first waveform shape;
a second output channel configured to output a second stimulation signal of the plurality of different stimulation signals to the patient, wherein the second stimulation signal has a second waveform shape different from the first waveform shape, and wherein the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal are outputted simultaneously;
a third output channel configured to output a third stimulation signal of the plurality of different stimulation signals to the patient, wherein the third stimulation signal has a third waveform shape that is different from the first waveform shape and the second waveform shape; and
a fourth output channel configured to output a fourth stimulation signal of the plurality of different stimulation signals to the patient, wherein the fourth stimulation signal has a fourth waveform shape different from the first waveform shape, the second waveform shape, and the third waveform shape, and wherein the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal are outputted simultaneously;
wherein:
the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal each comprise a plurality of phases;
at a first phase of the plurality of phases, the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal are active, while the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal are off;
at a second phase of the plurality of phases different from the first phase, the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal are off, while the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal are active;
at a third phase of the plurality of phases that occurs after the first phase and the second phase, charge balancing occurs for a first subset of: the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal; and
at a fourth phase of the plurality of phases that occurs after the third phase, charge balancing occurs for a second subset of: the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal, wherein the first subset and the second subset are mutually exclusive from each other.
2. The pulse generator of claim 1 , wherein the second waveform shape is an inverse of the first waveform shape.
3. The pulse generator of claim 1 , wherein the first output channel and the third output channel are configured to output the first stimulation signal and the third stimulation signal to different types of nerve fibers.
4. The pulse generator of claim 1 , wherein:
the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal have a first type of waveform shape during the first phase;
the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal have a second type of waveform shape during the second phase; and
the first type of waveform shape is different from the second type of waveform shape.
5. The pulse generator of claim 1 , wherein:
the first subset includes the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal; and
the second subset includes the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal.
6. The pulse generator of claim 1 , wherein:
the first subset includes the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal; and
the second subset includes the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal.
7. The pulse generator of claim 1 , wherein:
at the third phase, the second subset of the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal are turned off; and
at the fourth phase, the first subset of the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal are turned off.
8. A method, comprising:
generating, via a stimulation circuit of a pulse generator, a plurality of different stimulation signals;
applying, via a first output channel, a first stimulation signal of the plurality of different stimulation signals to a patient, wherein the first stimulation signal has a first waveform shape;
applying, via a second output channel, a second stimulation signal of the plurality of different stimulation signals to the patient, wherein the second stimulation signal has a second waveform shape different from the first waveform shape, and wherein the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal are applied to the patient simultaneously;
applying, via a third output channel, a third stimulation signal of the plurality of different stimulation signals to the patient, wherein the third stimulation signal has a third waveform shape that is different from the first waveform shape and the second waveform shape; and
applying, via a fourth output channel, a fourth stimulation signal of the plurality of different stimulation signals to the patient, wherein the fourth stimulation signal has a fourth waveform shape different from the first waveform shape, the second waveform shape, and the third waveform shape, and wherein the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal are outputted simultaneously;
wherein:
the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal each comprise a plurality of phases;
at a first phase of the plurality of phases, the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal are active, while the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal are off;
at a second phase of the plurality of phases different from the first phase, the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal are off, while the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal are active;
at a third phase of the plurality of phases that occurs after the first phase and the second phase, charge balancing occurs for a first subset of: the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal; and
at a fourth phase of the plurality of phases that occurs after the third phase, charge balancing occurs for a second subset of: the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal, wherein the first subset and the second subset are mutually exclusive from each other.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the second waveform shape is an inverse of the first waveform shape.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein:
the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal are applied to polarize nerves in a first tissue area; and
the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal are applied to stimulate nerves in a second tissue area after the nerves in the first tissue area are polarized in response to the first stimulation signal.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein:
the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal have a first type of waveform shape during the first phase;
the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal have a second type of waveform shape during the second phase; and
the first type of waveform shape is different from the second type of waveform shape.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein:
the first subset includes the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal; and
the second subset includes the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein:
the first subset includes the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal; and
the second subset includes the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein:
at the third phase, the second subset of the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal are turned off; and
at the fourth phase, the first subset of the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal are turned off.
15. A medical system, comprising:
an implantable lead having a plurality of electrodes; and
an implantable pulse generator having a stimulation circuit configured to generate a plurality of different stimulation signals and a plurality of output channels that can each output a stimulation signal to a patient via a respective one of the electrodes on the implantable lead;
wherein:
the stimulation circuit causes a first output channel of the plurality of output channels to output a first stimulation signal of the plurality of different stimulation signals, the first stimulation signal having a first waveform shape;
the stimulation circuit causes a second output channel of the plurality of output channels to output a second stimulation signal of the plurality of different stimulation signals, the second stimulation signal having a second waveform shape that is different from the first waveform shape, the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal being outputted simultaneously;
the stimulation circuit causes a third output channel of the plurality of output channels to output a third stimulation signal of the plurality of different stimulation signals, wherein the third stimulation signal has a third waveform shape that is different from the first waveform shape and the second waveform shape;
the stimulation circuit causes a fourth output channel of the plurality of output channels to output a fourth stimulation signal of the plurality of different stimulation signals, wherein the fourth stimulation signal has a fourth waveform shape different from the first waveform shape, the second waveform shape, and the third waveform shape, and wherein the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal are outputted simultaneously;
the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal each comprise a plurality of phases;
at a first phase of the plurality of phases, the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal are active, while the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal are off;
at a second phase of the plurality of phases different from the first phase, the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal are off, while the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal are active;
at a third phase of the plurality of phases that occurs after the first phase and the second phase, charge balancing occurs for a first subset of: the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal;
at a fourth phase of the plurality of phases that occurs after the third phase, charge balancing occurs for a second subset of: the first stimulation signal, the second stimulation signal, the third stimulation signal, and the fourth stimulation signal, wherein the second subset is different from the first subset; and
the second waveform shape is an inverse of the first waveform shape for two or more phases of the plurality of phases.
16. The medical system of claim 15 , wherein the second waveform shape is the inverse of the first waveform shape for the first phase, the second phase, the third phase, and the fourth phase.
17. The medical system of claim 15 , wherein:
the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal are applied, via a first set of electrodes, to polarize nerves in a first tissue area; and
the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal are applied, via a second set of electrodes, to stimulate nerves in a second tissue area different from the first tissue area.
18. The medical system of claim 15 , wherein:
the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal have a first type of waveform shape during the first phase;
the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal have a second type of waveform shape during the second phase; and
the first type of waveform shape is different from the second type of waveform shape.
19. The medical system of claim 15 , wherein:
the first subset includes the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal;
the second subset includes the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal;
at the third phase, the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal are turned off; and
at the fourth phase, the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal are turned off.
20. The method of claim 8 , wherein:
the first subset includes the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal;
the second subset includes the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal;
at the third phase, the first stimulation signal and the second stimulation signal are turned off; and
at the fourth phase, the third stimulation signal and the fourth stimulation signal are turned off.