Centrifugal compressor with recirculation structure
A centrifugal compressor for a chiller system includes a casing having an inlet portion and an outlet portion, a recirculation structure including a recirculation path and a recirculation discharge cavity, an impeller disposed downstream of the recirculation discharge cavity, the impeller being attached to a shaft rotatable about a shaft rotation axis, a motor arranged to rotate the shaft in order to rotate the impeller, and a diffuser disposed in the outlet portion downstream of the impeller. The recirculation structure is configured and arranged to impart a swirl to a flow of refrigerant into the inlet portion, with a velocity of a recirculation flow caused by the swirl being higher than a velocity of the flow of the refrigerant in the inlet portion.
1. A centrifugal compressor adapted to be used in a chiller system, the centrifugal compressor comprising:
a casing having an inlet portion and an outlet portion;
a recirculation structure including a recirculation path and a recirculation discharge cavity;
an impeller disposed downstream of the recirculation discharge cavity, the impeller being attached to a shaft rotatable about a shaft rotation axis, the inlet portion extending axially to the impeller, the recirculation discharge cavity being separate from and radially surrounding the inlet portion;
a plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes disposed to surround the recirculation discharge cavity, the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes being circumferentially arranged with respect to the shaft rotation axis of the shaft, and the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes being disposed upstream of a most upstream portion of the impeller, each of the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes being rotatable about a vane rotation axis parallel to the shaft rotation axis of the shaft, the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes being disposed externally of the inlet portion in a radial direction of the shaft;
a motor arranged to rotate the shaft in order to rotate the impeller;
a diffuser disposed in the outlet portion downstream of the impeller,
the recirculation structure being configured and arranged to impart a swirl to a flow of refrigerant into the inlet portion, with a velocity of a recirculation flow caused by the swirl being higher than a velocity of the flow of the refrigerant in the inlet portion, and
the recirculation path supplying the refrigerant from the diffuser to the recirculation discharge cavity, and the recirculation path including a recirculation pipe that introduces refrigerant toward the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes;
an annular groove disposed between the recirculation pipe and the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes in a recirculation flow direction of the refrigerant; and
an annular plate disposed between the annular groove and the recirculation discharge cavity, the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes being rotatably disposed on the annular plate.
2. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
an angle of each of the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes is adjustable by rotating the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes.
3. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the recirculation structure further includes an interlocking plate having a plurality of recesses adapted to receive the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes disposed on the annular plate, and
the interlocking plate is axially movable along a direction parallel to the shaft rotation axis of the shaft.
4. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes are linked with one another so that the angles of the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes are adjusted simultaneously.
5. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the recirculation structure further includes an annular plate, the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes being disposed on the annular plate.
6. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
an annular groove is provided in the casing to connect the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes and the recirculation pipe.
7. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the recirculation pipe of the recirculation structure is disposed inside the casing.
8. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 7 , wherein
the recirculation pipe of the recirculation structure extends from the diffuser toward the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes.
9. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the recirculation pipe of the recirculation structure is introduced from outside the casing.
10. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 9 , wherein
the recirculation pipe of the recirculation structure extends from a discharge nozzle of the compressor toward the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes.
11. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 9 , wherein
the recirculation pipe includes a valve to adjust a flow of the refrigerant passing therethrough.
12. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , further comprising
an inlet guide vane disposed in the inlet portion,
the recirculation discharge guide vanes being located between the inlet guide vane and the impeller along the direction parallel to the shaft rotation axis.
13. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the recirculation flow caused by the swirl of refrigerant rotates in a same direction as a rotation direction of the impeller.
14. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the recirculation flow caused by the swirl of refrigerant rotates in an opposite direction to a rotation direction of the impeller.
15. The centrifugal compressor according to claim 1 , wherein
the recirculation structure further includes a rotating manifold plate arranged to be rotatable about an axis which is coincident with the shaft rotation axis, and
rotation of the rotating manifold plate causes a flow area of the recirculation flow to be varied by opening and closing channels defined between each of the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes.
16. A centrifugal compressor adapted to be used in a chiller system, the centrifugal compressor comprising:
a casing having an inlet portion and an outlet portion;
an inlet guide vane disposed in the inlet portion;
a recirculation structure including a recirculation path and a recirculation discharge cavity;
an impeller disposed downstream of the recirculation discharge cavity, the impeller being attached to a shaft rotatable about a shaft rotation axis;
a motor arranged to rotate the shaft in order to rotate the impeller;
a plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes disposed to surround the recirculation discharge cavity, the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes being circumferentially arranged with respect to the shaft rotation axis of the shaft and the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes being located between the inlet guide vane and the impeller along the direction parallel to the shaft rotation axis; and
a diffuser disposed in the outlet portion downstream of the impeller,
the recirculation structure being configured and arranged to impart a swirl to a flow of refrigerant into the inlet portion, with a velocity of a recirculation flow caused by the swirl being higher than a velocity of the flow of the refrigerant in the inlet portion, and
the recirculation path including a recirculation pipe which introduces refrigerant toward the plurality of recirculation discharge guide vanes.