Methods for the treatment of a flue gas stream in a flue gas train including a baghouse
A sorbent composition for enhanced baghouse function is described. The composition may include a sorbent such as powder activated carbon as well as an additive that is a heat moderator or a permeability agent. The heat moderator may act as a heat sink or barrier. Heat moderators may include in non-limiting examples phyllosilicates, cyclosilicates, or nesosilicates that may include, montmorillonite, bentonite, halloysite, aluminum silicates, muscovite, illite, kaolin, andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite, metakaolin, mullite, polymers, such as chitosan, and/or clays, either natural or synthetic (e.g., montmorillonite), or polyethylenimine. Permeability may be affected by mixing sorbents of lower D50 with sorbents of higher D50 in various ratios, or addition of a permeability agent such as a phyllosilicate, perlite, silica, diatomaceous earth. Further, a permeability agent such as a fluoropolymer may be coated onto or admixed with the sorbent. Diatomaceous earth, perlites, or silicates may also increase permeability. The compositions are particularly useful in flue gas treatment systems with baghouse separation units in that they have reduced combustibility and increased permeability properties.
1. A method for treating a flue gas stream to remove contaminants therefrom, comprising:
burning a combustible material, the burning creating a flue gas stream containing contaminants;
contacting the flue gas stream containing contaminants with a sorbent composition to sequester the contaminants from the flue gas stream; and
capturing the sorbent composition in a baghouse unit,
wherein the sorbent composition comprises a particulate activated carbon and has a median particle diameter (D50) of not greater than about 30 μm and a heat moderator comprising at least a first heat moderator, wherein the heat moderator is present in the sorbent composition at a concentration of at least about 0.5 wt. % and not greater than about 20 wt. %.
2. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the first heat moderator is selected from the group consisting of phyllosilicates, cyclosilicates, nesosilicates, colloidal silicates, aluminum silicates, mullite, perlite, organo-halogens, organo-phosphates, sodium sulfite, organic phosphinates, and combinations thereof.
3. The method recited in claim 2 , wherein the first heat moderator comprises a phyllosilicate.
4. The method recited in claim 3 , wherein the phyllosilicate is selected from the group consisting of kaolin, montmorillonite, illite, vermiculite, muscovite, kyanite, sillimanite, metakaolin, aluminum phyllosilicates, and combinations thereof.
5. The method recited in claim 4 , wherein the phyllosilicate comprises a montmorillonite.
6. The method recited in claim 2 , wherein the first heat moderator comprises an aluminum silicate.
7. The method recited in claim 6 , wherein the aluminum silicate is selected from the group consisting of zeolites, halloysite, andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite, kaolin, metakaolin, mullite, feldspar group minerals, and combinations thereof.
8. The method recited in claim 7 , wherein the aluminum silicate comprises halloysite.
9. The method recited in claim 7 , wherein the aluminum silicate comprises andalusite.
10. The method recited in claim 4 , wherein the first heat moderator comprises an aluminum phyllosilicate.
11. The method recited in claim 10 , wherein the aluminum phyllosilicate comprises bentonite.
12. The method recited in claim 2 , wherein the first heat moderator comprises a nesosilicate.
13. The method recited in claim 2 , wherein the first heat moderator comprises an organic phosphinate.
14. The method recited in claim 2 , wherein the first heat moderator comprises sodium sulfite.
15. The method recited in claim 2 , wherein the sorbent composition further comprises a binding agent.
16. The method recited in claim 15 , wherein the binding agent comprises a polymer that forms a charged species in water.
17. The method recited in claim 16 , wherein the polymer comprises a polysaccharide.
18. The method recited in claim 17 , wherein the polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of chitosan, dextran, cyclodextrin, and cellulose.
19. The method recited in claim 16 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyamines, polyacrylates, and polyacrylamides.
20. The method recited in claim 19 , wherein polymer comprises a polyamine selected from the group consisting of polyaminoester, and polyethyleneimine.
21. The method recited in claim 19 , wherein the polymer comprises poly[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate].
22. The method recited in claim 15 , wherein the binding agent is present in the sorbent composition at a concentration of at least about 0.05 wt. % and not greater than about 10 wt. %.
23. The method recited in claim 2 , wherein the sorbent composition further comprises a second heat moderator that is different than the first heat moderator, wherein the second heat moderator is selected from the group consisting of phyllosilicates, cyclosilicates, nesosilicates, colloidal silicates, aluminum silicates, mullite, perlite, organo-halogens, organo-phosphates, sodium sulfite, organic phosphinates, and combinations thereof.
24. The method recited in claim 23 , wherein the sorbent composition further comprises a third heat moderator, wherein the third heat moderator is selected from the group consisting of phyllosilicates, cyclosilicates, nesosilicates, colloidal silicates, aluminum silicates, mullite, perlite, organo-halogens, organo-phosphates, sodium sulfite, organic phosphinates, and combinations thereof.
25. The method recited in claim 24 , wherein the sorbent composition further comprises a fourth heat moderator, wherein the fourth heat moderator is selected from the group consisting of phyllosilicates, cyclosilicates, nesosilicates, colloidal silicates, aluminum silicates, mullite, perlite, organo-halogens, organo-phosphates, sodium sulfite, organic phosphinates, and combinations thereof.
26. The method recited in claim 2 , wherein the first heat moderator is admixed with the sorbent composition.
27. The method recited in claim 23 , wherein the first heat moderator and the second heat moderator are admixed with the sorbent composition.
28. The method recited in claim 15 , wherein the binding agent is admixed with the sorbent composition and the first heat moderator.
29. The method recited in claim 2 , wherein the first heat moderator is coated onto the sorbent composition.
30. The method recited in claim 23 , wherein the first heat moderator and the second heat moderator are coated onto the sorbent composition.
31. The method recited in claim 15 , wherein the binding agent is coated onto the sorbent composition.
32. The method recited in claim 31 , wherein the first heat moderator is coated onto the binding agent.
33. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition further comprises an oxidizing agent.
34. The method recited in claim 33 , wherein the oxidizing agent comprises an inorganic halogen salt.
35. The method recited in claim 34 , wherein the inorganic halogen salt is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds.
36. The method recited in claim 35 , wherein the inorganic halogen salt comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of calcium hypochlorite, calcium hypobromite, calcium hypoiodite, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium iodide, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, and combinations thereof.
37. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition further comprises a catalytic phase metal, wherein the catalytic phase metal is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Cu, Mn, Pd, Au, Ag, Pt, Ir, V, Ni, Zn, Sn, Ti, Ce, and mixtures thereof.
38. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition further comprises an acid gas agent, the acid gas agent comprising a trivalent or higher Group 3 to Group 14 metal-containing compound selected from the group consisting of a carbonate, an oxide, a hydroxide, an ionic salt precursor to a hydroxide, and combinations thereof.
39. The method recited in claim 38 , wherein the acid gas agent comprises aluminum hydroxide.
40. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition further comprises a flow aid, wherein the flow aid is selected from the group consisting of graphite, talc, mica, and combinations thereof.
41. The method recited in claim 40 , wherein the flow aid comprises graphite.
42. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein an amount of the sorbent composition having a size of less than 5 μm comprises not more than about 10 wt. % of the sorbent composition.
43. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition further comprises a permeability additive, wherein the permeability additive is selected from the group consisting of perlite, silica, diatomaceous earth, zeolites, and combinations thereof.
44. The method recited claim 1 , wherein the sorbent composition has a median particle diameter of not greater than about 15 μm.
45. The method recited claim 44 , wherein the sorbent composition has a median particle diameter of not greater than about 12 μm.
46. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein a specific enthalpy of the sorbent composition is at least about 10% less than a specific enthalpy of an analogous sorbent composition that lacks the heat moderator.
47. The method recited in claim 46 , wherein the specific enthalpy of the sorbent composition is at least about 15% less than the specific enthalpy of the analogous sorbent composition that lacks the first heat moderator.
48. The method recited in claim 47 , wherein the specific enthalpy of the sorbent composition is at least about 20% less than the specific enthalpy of the analogous sorbent composition that lacks the heat moderator.
49. A method comprising:
contacting a flue gas stream comprising contaminants with a sorbent composition to sequester the contaminants from the flue gas stream; and
capturing the sorbent composition in a baghouse unit,
wherein the sorbent composition has a median particle diameter (D50) of not greater than about 30 μm and comprises:
a particulate activated carbon, and
at least about 0.5 wt. % and not greater than about 20 wt. % of a heat moderator selected from the group consisting of phyllosilicates, cyclosilicates, nesosilicates, colloidal silicates, aluminum silicates, mullite, perlite, organo-halogens, organo-phosphates, sodium sulfite, organic phosphinates, and combinations thereof.