Methods to detect microorganisms
A method is provided. The method includes providing an article, the article including a nonwoven substrate having a copolymer grafted thereto, the copolymer including interpolymerized monomer units of a quaternary ammonium-containing ligand monomers; an amide monomer; an oxy monomer; and a coating on the nonwoven substrate, the coating including a plurality of test microorganisms, an enzyme or a second substrate; and contacting the article with a detection medium for a period of time.
1. A method for detecting a microorganism, comprising:
providing an article, the article comprising a nonwoven substrate having a copolymer grafted thereto, the copolymer comprising interpolymerized monomer units of a quaternary ammonium-containing ligand monomers, an amide monomer, and an oxy monomer; and a coating on the nonwoven substrate, the coating comprising a plurality of test microorganisms, an enzyme or a second substrate;
contacting the article with a detection medium for a period of time; and
analyzing the detection medium to detect a biological activity of the test microorganisms;
wherein the quaternary ammonium-containing ligand monomer comprises [2-(Diethylamino)ethyl] methacrylate or [2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl] methacrylate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein analyzing the detection medium to detect a biological activity of the test microorganisms comprises detecting an enzyme activity of the spores or an enzyme activity of vegetative cells derived from germination or outgrowth of a spore.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein detecting the enzyme activity comprises detecting an enzyme activity selected from the group consisting of beta-D-galactosidase, beta-D-glucosidase, alpha-D-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, butyrate esterase, caprylate esterase lipase, chloroamphenicol acetytransferase, catechol-2,3-dioxygenase, myristate lipase, leucine aminopeptidase, valine aminopeptidase, chymotrypsin, phosphohydrolase, alpha-D-galactosidase, alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-D-cellobiosidase, alanine aminopeptidase, proline aminopeptidase, tyrosine aminopeptidase, phenylalanine aminopeptidase, beta-D-glucuronidase, fatty acid esterase, and a combination of any two or more of the foregoing enzymes.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein analyzing the detection medium to detect a biological activity of the test microorganisms comprises analyzing the detection medium at a pH between 5 and 9.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein analyzing the detection medium to detect a biological activity of the test microorganisms comprises analyzing the detection medium at a pH between 6 and 8.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the article with the detection medium for a period of time comprises contacting the article with the detection medium at a predefined temperature.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the article with the detection medium for a period of time comprises contacting the article with the detection medium at a pH between 5 and 9.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detection medium comprises a reagent selected from the group consisting of an effective amount of a nutrient that facilitates germination or growth of the test microorganisms, an indicator compound that facilitates detection of a metabolic activity of the test microorganism, and a combination of the foregoing reagents.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the indicator compound is selected from the group consisting of a chromogenic enzyme substrate, a fluorogenic enzyme substrate, a pH indicator, a redox indicator, a chemiluminescent enzyme substrate, a dye, and a combination of any two or more of the foregoing indicator compounds.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the test microorganisms comprise spores.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the spores comprise bacterial spores.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme comprises α-glucosidase.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second substrate comprises 4-Methylumbelliferyl α-D-glucopyranoside.