Solid-state battery
Provided herein solid-state battery architectures that include an oxide electrolyte in contact with the anode of an electrochemical cell and a sulfide electrolyte in contact with the cathode of an electrochemical cell.
1. A solid-state electrochemical cell (SSEC), comprising:
(a) a positive electrode layer comprising an active material and a sulfide catholyte, wherein the active material is selected from LiNi x Mn y CO z O 2 , and LiNi x Al y CO z O 2 , wherein x+y+z is equal to 1;
(b) a single ion conducting, solid-state buffer layer, wherein the single ion conducting, solid-state buffer layer comprises LSTPS, wherein LSTPS is an electrolyte material including Li, Si, P, Sn, and S chemical constituents, wherein the buffer layer has a thickness of greater than 1 μm to 15 μm;
(c) a borohydride bonding layer; and
(d) a lithium-stuffed garnet layer, wherein the lithium-stuffed garnet layer comprises a lithium-stuffed garnet selected from Li x La y Zr z O t ·qAl 2 O 3 , wherein 4<x<10, 1<y<4, 1<z<3, 6<t<14, and 0≤q≤1;
wherein:
the buffer layer is a layer in contact with the positive electrode layer;
wherein the borohydride bonding layer is between and in contact with the lithium-stuffed garnet layer and the buffer layer in contact with the positive electrode,
wherein the borohydride bonding layer comprises a borohydride composition comprising:
A·(LiBH 4 )·B·(LiX)·C·(LiNH 2 ),
wherein X is fluorine, bromine, chlorine, iodine, or a combination thereof, and
wherein 3≤A≤6, 2≤B<5, and 0≤C≤9.
2. The SSEC of any claim 1 , further comprising a negative electrode.
3. The SSEC of 6 , wherein the negative electrode is a lithium (Li) metal negative electrode.
4. The SSEC of any claim 2 , wherein the lithium-stuffed garnet layer contacts the negative electrode.
5. The SSEC of claim 1 , wherein the buffer layer comprises an organic polymer at 10% by volume or less.
6. The SSEC of claim 1 , wherein the active material is coated.
7. The SSEC of claim 1 , wherein the active material is uncoated.
8. The SSEC of claim 1 , wherein the sulfide catholyte is selected from the group consisting of LSS, SLOPS, LSTPS, LSTPSCl, SLOBS, LATS, and LPS+X, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of Cl, I, Br, and combinations thereof.
9. The SSEC of claim 1 , wherein the sulfide catholyte is characterized by one of the following formula:
Li a Si b Sn c P a S e , wherein 2≤a≤8, 0≤b≤1, 0≤c≤1, 0.5≤d<2.5, and 2≤e≤12;
Li a Si b P c S d X e , wherein 8<a<12, 1<b<3, 1<c<3, 8<d<14, and 0<e<1, wherein X is F, Cl, Br, or I;
Li g As h Sn j S k O l , wherein 2≤g≤6, 0≤h≤1, 0≤j≤1, 2<k≤6, and 0≤1≤10; or
Li m P n S p I q , wherein 2≤m≤6, 0≤n≤1, 0≤p≤1, 2≤q≤6;
a mixture of (Li 2 S):(P 2 S 5 ) having a molar ratio of Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 from about 10:1 to about 6:4 and LiI, wherein the ratio of [(Li 2 S):(P 2 S 5 )]:LiI is from 95:5 to 50:50;
LPS+X, wherein X is selected from Cl, I, or Br;
vLi 2 S+wP 2 S 5 +yLiX;
vLi 2 S+wSiS 2 +yLiX; or
vLi 2 S+wB 2 S 3 +yLiX, wherein X is selected from Cl, I, or Br, wherein 0≤v≤1; 0≤w≤1; and 0≤y≤1.
10. The SSEC of claim 1 , wherein the sulfide catholyte comprises LSTPS.
11. The SSEC of claim 10 , wherein the sulfide catholyte is characterized by the following formula: Li a Si b Sn c P a S e , wherein 2≤a≤8, 0≤b≤1, 0≤c≤1, 0≤d≤2.5, and 2≤e≤12.
12. The SSEC of claim 1 , further comprising a positive electrode current collector layer.
13. The SSEC of claim 1 , further comprising a negative electrode current collector layer.
14. A battery comprising the SSEC of claim 1 .