Layered automotive catalyst composites
Provided are automotive catalyst composites having a catalytic material on a carrier, wherein the catalytic material comprises at least two layers. The first layer is deposited directly on the carrier and comprises a first palladium component supported on a first refractory metal oxide component, a first oxygen storage component, or a combination thereof. The second layer is deposited on top of the first layer and comprises a rhodium component supported on a second refractory metal oxide component and a second palladium component supported on a second oxygen storage component, a third refractory metal oxide component or a combination thereof. Generally these catalyst composites are used as three-way conversion (TWC) catalysts. Methods of making and using the same are also provided.
1. An automotive catalyst composite comprising:
a catalytic material on a carrier, the catalytic material comprising at least two layers:
a first layer deposited directly on the carrier comprising a first palladium component supported on a first refractory metal oxide component, a first oxygen storage component, or a combination thereof; and
a second layer deposited on top of the first layer comprising a rhodium component supported on a second refractory metal oxide component and a second palladium component supported on a second oxygen storage component, a third refractory metal oxide component or a combination thereof;
wherein the second refractory metal oxide component comprises zirconia-stabilized alumina or a zirconia-based support selected from the group consisting of zirconia, lanthana-zirconia, titania-zirconia, titania-lanthana-zirconia, and combinations thereof,
wherein the catalytic material is effective for carrying out three-way conversion (TWC).
2. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the first layer is substantially free of any other platinum group metals.
3. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the first layer further comprises barium oxide, strontium oxide, or combinations thereof.
4. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the first layer comprises about 40-95% by weight of the total palladium content of the composite and the second layer comprises about 5-60% by weight of the total palladium content of the composite.
5. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the second palladium component to the rhodium component in the second layer is about 0.1:1 to about 20:1.
6. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the first palladium component is supported on a combination of the first refractory metal oxide component and the first oxygen storage component, wherein the first refractory metal oxide component comprises a stabilized alumina and the first oxygen storage component comprises 25-50% by weight of ceria based on the total weight of the first oxygen storage component.
7. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 6 , wherein the stabilized alumina of the first refractory metal oxide component is selected from the group consisting of activated alumina, lanthana-alumina, baric-alumina, ceria-alumina, ceria-lanthana-alumina, zirconia-alumina, ceria-zirconia-alumina, and combinations thereof.
8. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the second refractory metal oxide component comprises 20% by weight zirconia-stabilized alumina based on the total weight of the second refractory metal oxide component.
9. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the second oxygen storage component comprises a ceria-zirconia composite comprising 10-50% by weight of ceria based on the total weight of the second oxygen storage component.
10. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the second palladium component is supported on the third refractory metal oxide component comprising alumina, stabilized alumina, praeseodymia-zirconia, or combinations thereof.
11. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the first layer comprises, by weight percent of the first layer:
the first refractory metal oxide component in an amount of about 50-95%;
the first oxygen storage component comprising a first ceria-zirconia composite in an amount of about 20-80%; and
at least one promoter or stabilizer selected from lanthana, baria, zirconia, and strontium in an amount of up to 10%;
wherein the first ceria-zirconia composite comprises ceria in an amount of about 25-50% by weight based on the total weight of the first ceria-zirconia composite.
12. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the second layer comprises, by weight percent of the second layer:
the second refractory metal oxide component in an amount of about 50-80%;
the second oxygen storage component comprising a second ceria-zirconia composite or the third refractory metal oxide component in an amount of about 20-50%; and
at least one promoter or stabilizer selected from lanthana, baria, zirconia, and strontium in an amount of up to 10%;
wherein the second ceria-zirconia composite, when present, comprises ceria in an amount of about 10-50% by weight based on the total weight of the second ceria-zirconia composite.
13. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein about 20-60% of the total palladium content of the first layer is supported on the first refractory metal oxide component and about 40-80% of the total palladium content of the first layer is supported on the first oxygen storage component.
14. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the palladium content on the first oxygen storage component is 0.5-3% by weight of the first oxygen storage component and wherein the first layer optionally further comprises palladium on the first refractory metal oxide component.
15. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the second layer further comprises a platinum component in an amount in the range of about 0.1 to 10 g/ft 3 .
16. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , further comprising an undercoat layer between the carrier and the first layer, wherein the undercoat layer is substantially free of any platinum group metals and comprises alumina.
17. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the carrier is a flow-through substrate or a wall-flow filter.
18. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 17 , wherein the first layer is deposited on inlet channels of a wall-flow filter and the second layer is deposited on outlet channels of the wall-flow filter.
19. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the first layer is zoned.
20. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the second layer is zoned.
21. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , wherein the first layer has a loading in the range of about 1.5-4.0 g/in 3 and the second layer has a loading in the range of about 0.75-2.0 g/in 3 .
22. The automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 , further comprising: a middle palladium-containing layer between the first layer and the second layer, wherein the first layer comprises the first palladium component supported on the first oxygen storage component; and the middle layer comprises a palladium component supported on a fourth refractory metal oxide component and is substantially free of an oxygen storage component.
23. An exhaust gas treatment system comprising the catalyst composite of claim 1 located downstream of a gasoline engine.
24. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 23 , wherein the automotive catalyst composite is located downstream of a gasoline engine in a close-coupled position, in a position downstream of the close-coupled position, or both.
25. A method for treating an exhaust gas comprising hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides comprising: contacting the exhaust gas with the automotive catalyst composite of claim 1 .