Synthetically modified thermoplastic polymer composites having cellulose nanomaterials
A method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal composite material begins with an aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension mixture. The aqueous CNC suspension mixture is dried to remove the liquid solvent from the aqueous CNC suspension mixture to form a dry CNC powder. Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is combined with melted Maleated-anhydride Polypropylene (MAPP) to form a DETA-functionalized MAPP (MA) mixture. The MA mixture is cooled and pelletized to form MA pellets. The MA pellets, the dry CNC powder, and a neat polypropylene (PP) are combined to form a CNC-PP mixture. The CNC-PP mixture is compounded by melting, subsequently cooled and pelletized to form CNC-PP pellets.
1. A method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal composite material, the method comprising:
providing an aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension mixture;
drying the aqueous CNC suspension mixture to remove the liquid solvent from the aqueous CNC suspension mixture to form a dry CNC powder;
combining an Amine to melted Maleated-anhydride Polypropylene (MAPP) to form an Amine-functionalized MAPP (MA) mixture at a weight percent ratio of Maleic acid (MAH):NH 2 of between 2:1 to 1:3;
cooling and pelletizing the MA mixture to form MA pellets;
combining the MA pellets, the dry CNC powder, and a neat polypropylene (PP) to form a CNC-PP mixture;
compounding the CNC-PP mixture by melting, and
cooling and pelletizing the CNC-PP mixture to form CNC-PP pellets.
2. The method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal of claim 1 , wherein drying the aqueous CNC suspension mixture to remove the liquid solvent from the aqueous CNC suspension mixture to form a dry CNC powder further comprises drying the aqueous CNC suspension mixture to remove the liquid solvent from the aqueous CNC suspension mixture to form a dry CNC powder by at least one of freeze drying, spray drying, and solvent drying the aqueous CNC suspension mixture.
3. The method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal of claim 1 , wherein combining the MA pellets, the dry CNC powder, and a neat polypropylene (PP) to form a CNC-PP mixture further comprises combining the MA pellets, the dry CNC powder, and a neat polypropylene (PP) to form a CNC-PP mixture wherein combining the MA pellets and the dry CNC powder is at a weight percent ratio CNC:MA of between 1:2 to 1:19.
4. The method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal of claim 1 , wherein compounding the CNC-PP mixture by melting further comprises compounding the CNC-PP mixture by melting in a high shear environment.
5. The method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal of claim 1 , wherein providing an aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension mixture further comprises providing an aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension mixture wherein a CNC of the CNC suspension mixture is highly crystalline, has a rectangular shape, and has a density of about 1.6 g/cm 3 .
6. The method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal of claim 1 , wherein providing an aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension mixture further comprises providing an aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension mixture suspension mixture wherein a CNC of the CNC suspension mixture is thermally stable in a nitrogen environment up to 250° C., in an atmospheric environment up to 230° C. and has a strong negative surface charge of −45±1.8 mV.
7. The method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal of claim 1 , wherein combining the MA pellets, the dry CNC powder, and a neat polypropylene (PP) to form a CNC-PP mixture further comprises combining the MA pellets, the dry CNC powder, and a neat polypropylene (PP) to form a CNC-PP mixture wherein the MA pellets and the dry CNC powder are at a weight percent ratio CNC:MA of between about 1:5 to about 1:10.
8. A method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal composite material, the method comprising:
providing an aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension mixture;
drying the aqueous CNC suspension mixture to remove the liquid solvent from the aqueous CNC suspension mixture to form a dry CNC powder using at least one of freeze drying, spray drying, and solvent drying, and wherein a CNC of the dry CNC powder is highly crystalline and has a rectangular shape;
combining an Amine to melted Maleated-anhydride Polypropylene (MAPP) to form an Amine-functionalized MAPP (MA) mixture at a weight percent ratio of Maleic acid (MAH):NH 2 of between 2:1 to 1:3;
cooling and pelletizing the MA mixture to form MA pellets;
combining the MA pellets, the dry CNC powder, and a neat polypropylene (PP) to form a CNC-PP mixture;
compounding the CNC-PP mixture by melting, and
cooling and pelletizing the CNC-PP mixture to form CNC-PP pellets.
9. The method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal of claim 8 , wherein combining the MA pellets, the dry CNC powder, and a neat polypropylene (PP) to form a CNC-PP mixture further comprises combining the MA pellets, the dry CNC powder, and a neat polypropylene (PP) to form a CNC-PP mixture wherein combining the MA pellets and the dry CNC powder is at a weight percent ratio CNC:MA of between 1:2 to 1:19.
10. The method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal of claim 9 , wherein compounding the CNC-PP mixture by melting further comprises compounding the CNC-PP mixture by melting in a high shear environment.
11. The method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal of claim 10 , wherein providing an aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension mixture further comprises providing an aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension mixture wherein a CNC of the CNC suspension mixture has a density of about 1.6 g/cm3.
12. The method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal of claim 11 , wherein providing an aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension mixture further comprises providing an aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension mixture wherein the CNC of the CNC suspension mixture is thermally stable in a nitrogen environment up to 250° C., in an atmospheric environment up to 230° C. and has a strong negative surface charge of −45±1.8 mV.
13. The method of manufacturing a polymer coated cellulose nanocrystal of claim 12 , wherein combining the MA pellets, the dry CNC powder, and a neat polypropylene (PP) to form a CNC-PP mixture further comprises combining the MA pellets, the dry CNC powder, and a neat polypropylene (PP) to form a CNC-PP mixture wherein the MA pellets and the dry CNC powder are at a weight percent ratio CNC:MA of between about 1:5 to about 1:10.