Method of preparing a polymer dispersion and polymer dispersions prepared thereby
Disclosed herein is a method of preparing a polymer dispersion including combining a first solution with a second solution to provide an emulsion, and removing the first solvent from the emulsion to provide a dispersion including a plurality of polymer particles. The first solution includes a first solvent, a polyetherimide, a polycarbonate, or a combination of at least one of the foregoing, and optionally a nonionic surfactant. The second solution includes an aqueous solvent, and optionally a nonionic surfactant. The polymer particles have an average particle size (D50) of less than or equal to 20 micrometers. Also described are polyetherimide dispersions including a plurality of polyetherimide particles, wherein at least 90% of the particles have a particle size less than or equal to 14 micrometers, a nonionic surfactant, and an aqueous carrier.
1. A method of preparing a dispersion comprising a plurality of polymer particles, the method comprising
combining a first solution comprising a polyetherimide, a polycarbonate, or a combination thereof, and a first solvent with a second solution comprising a first amount of a nonionic surfactant and an aqueous solvent to provide an emulsion, wherein the first solvent is immiscible with the aqueous solvent; and
removing the first solvent from the emulsion to provide a dispersion comprising a plurality of polymer particles comprising the polyetherimide, the polycarbonate, or the combination thereof,
wherein the polymer particles have an average particle size (D50) of less than or equal to 20 micrometers;
wherein the polycarbonate has repeating structural carbonate units of the formula
wherein at least 60 percent of the total number of R 1 groups are aromatic; and wherein the polyetherimide comprises units of the following formula
wherein
R is a C 2-20 hydrocarbon group,
T is —O— or a group of the formula —O—Z—O— wherein the divalent bonds of the —O— or the O—Z—O— group are in the 3,3′, 3,4′, 4,3′, or the 4,4′ positions, and
Z is an aromatic C 6-24 monocyclic or polycyclic group optionally substituted with 1 to 6 C 1-8 alkyl groups, 1-8 halogen atoms, or a combination thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dispersion has a solids content of greater than or equal to 15 weight percent of the polyetherimide, the polycarbonate, or the combination thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the removing comprises distillation, placing under vacuum, spraying into water, or a combination thereof.
4. A method of preparing a dispersion comprising a plurality of polymer particles, the method comprising
combining a first solution comprising a polyetherimide, a polycarbonate, or a combination thereof, a nonionic surfactant, and a first solvent with a second solution comprising an aqueous solvent to provide an emulsion, wherein the first and second solvents are immiscible; and
removing the first solvent from the emulsion to provide a dispersion comprising a plurality of polymer particles comprising the polyetherimide, the polycarbonate, or the combination thereof;
wherein the polymer particles have an average particle size (D50) of less than or equal to 20 micrometers;
wherein the polycarbonate has repeating structural carbonate units of the formula
wherein at least 60 percent of the total number of R 1 groups are aromatic; and
wherein the polyetherimide comprises units of the following formula
wherein
R is a C 2-20 hydrocarbon group,
T is —O— or a group of the formula —O—Z—O— wherein the divalent bonds of the —O— or the O—Z—O— group are in the 3,3′, 3,4′, 4,3′, or the 4,4′ positions, and
Z is an aromatic C 6-24 monocyclic or polycyclic group optionally substituted with 1 to 6 C 1-8 alkyl groups, 1-8 halogen atoms, or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the dispersion has a solids content of 25 to 40 weight percent of the polyetherimide, the polycarbonate, or the combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the removing comprises heating, purging with an inert gas, or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solution comprises the polyetherimide, and the polymer particles are polyetherimide particles.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein
R is a divalent group of the following formula
wherein Q 1 is —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —SO2-, —SO—, —C y H 2y — and a halogenated derivative thereof;
wherein y is an integer from 1 to 5, or —(C 6 H 10 ) z —;
wherein z is an integer from 1 to 4; and
Z is a group derived from a dihydroxy compound of the following formula
wherein
R a and R b are each independently a halogen atom or a monovalent C 1-6 alkyl group;
p and q are each independently integers of 0 to 4;
c is 0 to 4; and
X a is a single bond, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —SO 2 —, —C(O)—, or a C 1-18 organic bridging group.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein each R is independently meta-phenylene, para-phenylene, or a combination thereof, and the Z is 4,4′-diphenylene isopropylidene.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solution comprises the polycarbonate, and the polymer particles are polycarbonate particles.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the polycarbonate is a copolycarbonate comprising bisphenol A carbonate units and 2-phenyl-3,3′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) phthalimidine carbonate units.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent comprises dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane or a combination thereof; and
the aqueous solvent is water.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nonionic surfactant is a C 6-12 alkyl phenol having 4 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of C 6-12 alkylphenol.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises isolating a powder comprising the polymer particles from the dispersion.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dispersion comprises less than or equal to 100 ppm of a volatile organic solvent.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer particles comprise less than or equal to 100 ppm of a volatile organic solvent, based on the total weight of the polymer particles.