Zeolite adsorbents, preparation process therefor and uses thereof

1. A zeolite adsorbent comprising:

zeolite X crystals; and

barium, potassium and sodium,

wherein the K 2 O/(K 2 O+BaO+Na 2 O) mole ratio is between 0.08 and 0.086, and

wherein the content of sodium oxide Na 2 O is less than 0.3% by weight relative to the total mass of the adsorbent.

2. The zeolite adsorbent according to claim 1 , further comprising a non-zeolite phase.

3. The zeolite adsorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the total content of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal ion oxides other than barium oxide (BaO), potassium oxide (K 2 O) and sodium oxide (Na 2 O) is less than 1% by weight relative to the total mass of the adsorbent.

4. The zeolite adsorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the zeolite X crystals have an Si/AI atomic ratio of between 1.00 and 1.50.

5. The zeolite adsorbent according to claim 1 , having wherein the adsorbent has a number mean diameter of between 0.2 mm and 2 mm.

6. The zeolite adsorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the zeolite X crystals have a number mean diameter of less than or equal to 1.5 μm.

7. The zeolite adsorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the adsorbent has a loss on ignition, measured at 950° C. according to standard NF EN 196-2, of between 4.0% and 7.7% by weight.

8. The zeolite adsorbent according to claim 1 , wherein the zeolite X crystals are present in an amount of at least 80% by weight relative to the total weight of the adsorbent.

9. A process for preparing an adsorbent according to claim 1 , comprising at least the steps of:

a) agglomerating zeolite X crystals with a binder, and forming agglomerate, followed by drying and calcination,

b) optional zeolitization of the binder,

c) cation exchange of the agglomerate by placing in contact with a solution of barium ions, or of potassium ions, or of barium ions and potassium ions,

d) cation exchange with potassium when the exchange step c) is performed with a solution of barium ions alone, or cation exchange with barium when the exchange step c) is performed with a solution of potassium ions alone,

e) followed by washing and drying of the product thus treated, and

f) activation of the zeolite adsorbent thus obtained.

10. The process according to claim 9 , wherein the binder used in step a) contains at least 80% by weight of zeolitizable clay and a source of silica, and wherein the process comprises a step b) of zeolitization of said zeolitizable binder via the action of an alkaline basic solution.

11. The process according to claim 9 , wherein the zeolite X used in step a) comprises a hierarchically porous type X FAU zeolite.

12. A process for recovering para-xylene from isomer fractions of aromatic hydrocarbons containing 8 carbon atoms in a liquid phase, comprising:

contacting an isomer fraction of aromatic hydrocarbons containing 8 carbon atoms with the adsorbent according to claim 1 in a liquid phase in the presence of a desorbent.

13. The process according to claim 12 , which is conducted on a simulated moving bed.

14. A process for recovering para-xylene from isomer fractions of aromatic hydrocarbons containing 8 carbon atoms in a gaseous phase, comprising:

contacting an isomer fraction of aromatic hydrocarbons containing 8 carbon atoms with the adsorbent according to claim 1 in a gaseous phase in the presence of a desorbent.

15. A process for separating polyhydric alcohols, comprising:

contacting polyhydric alcohols with the adsorbent according to claim 1 .

16. A process for separating substituted toluene isomers, comprising:

contacting substituted toluene isomers with the adsorbent according to claim 1 .

17. A process for separating cresols, comprising:

contacting cresols with the adsorbent according to claim 1 .

18. A process for separating aromatic C8 isomer fractions, comprising:

contacting an aromatic C8 isomer fraction with the zeolite adsorbent according to claim 1 .