LOW PRESSURE, HIGH TEMPERATURE PROCESS FOR FORMING 2,5-FURANDICARBOXYLIC ACID DIALKYL ESTER
Processes for preparing a dialkyl ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid are disclosed. The processes comprise contacting 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid with excess alcohol and, optionally, a catalyst at a pressure in the range of between 1 bar and 21 bar and a temperature in the range of from 65° C. to 325° C. to form a vapor reaction product comprising an ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, the alcohol and water; and distilling the vapor reaction product at a pressure in the range of from 0 bar to 3.5 bar at a temperature in the range of from 38° C. to 204° C. to separate the water and alcohol from the ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid.
1 . A process comprising:
a) contacting 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid with excess alcohol and, optionally, a catalyst at a pressure in the range of between 1 bar and 21 bar and a temperature in the range of from 65° C. to 325° C. to form a vapor reaction product comprising an ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, the alcohol and water; and
b) distilling the vapor reaction product at a pressure in the range of from 0 bar to 3.5 bar at a temperature in the range of from 38° C. to 204° C. to separate the water and alcohol from the ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid.
2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the pressure of step a) is in the range of from 1 bar to 6 bar.
3 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst, if present, is cobalt (II) acetate, iron (II) chloride, iron (III) chloride, iron (II) sulfate, iron (III) sulfate, iron (II) nitrate, iron (III) nitrate, iron (II) oxide, iron (III) oxide, iron (II) sulfide, iron (III) sulfide, iron (II) acetate, iron (III) acetate, magnesium (II) acetate, magnesium (II) hydroxide, manganese (II) acetate, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, zinc (II) acetate, zinc stearate, a solid acid catalyst, a zeolite solid catalyst, or a combination thereof.
4 . The process of claim 3 , wherein the solid acid catalyst is a heterogeneous heteropolyacid, a salt of a heterogeneous heteropolyacid, sulfonic acid functionalized polymer, a cation exchange resin, a fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer, silica, titania, alumina, sulfated titania, sulfated zirconia, kaolinite, bentonite, attapulgite, montmorillonite, faujasite, beta zeolite, mordenite, or a combination thereof.
5 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises:
c) purifying the ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid from step b).
6 . The process of claim 5 , wherein c) purifying the ester is by a distilling step, a crystallizing step, or a combination thereof.
7 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the purified ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid comprises less than 50 ppm of an alkyl ester of 5-formylfuran-2-carboxylic acid, less than 50 ppm a monoalkyl ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, and/or less than 50 ppm 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, as determined by HPLC analysis.
8 . The process of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the alcohol is replaced with an alcohol source.
9 . The process of claim 1 wherein the alcohol is methanol.
10 . The process of claim 8 , wherein the alcohol source is an acetal, an orthoformate, an alkyl carbonate, a trialkyl borate, a cyclic ether comprising 3 or 4 atoms in the ring or a combination thereof.
11 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid is dimethyl ester of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid.
12 . The process of claim 3 , wherein the solid acid catalyst comprises metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal sulfates, metal sulfonates, metal nitrates, metal phosphates, metal phosphonates, metal molybdates, metal tungstates, metal borates, metal acetates or a combination thereof, wherein the metal is a Group 1 through Group 12 element of the Periodic Table.