Food products that contain zein, and related methods
Described are food products including doughs, extrudates, and finished food products derived therefrom, that contain zein protein, e.g., zein protein ingredient, wherein the zein protein improves processing or textural characteristics of the food product.
1. A puffed extruded food product comprising:
flour component comprising starch,
from 3 to less than 15 weight percent zein protein ingredient based on total weight food product (dry), wherein the zein protein ingredient contains a concentrated amount of zein protein, and wherein the zein protein ingredient is effective to reduce hardness of the puffed extruded food product,
from 5 to 30 weight percent non-zein protein ingredient based on total weight food product (dry),
from about 10 to about 40 weight percent total protein based on total weight food product (dry), and
from 40 to 70 weight percent starch, based on total weight food product (dry).
2. The food product of claim 1
wherein the non-zein protein ingredient contains at least 70 weight percent non-zein protein based on total weight non-zein protein ingredient (solids).
3. The food product of claim 1
wherein the non-zein protein ingredient is from 10 to 30 weight percent non-zein protein ingredient,
based on total weight food product (dry).
4. The food product of claim 1
wherein the non-zein protein ingredient is from 5 to 25 weight percent non-zein protein ingredient,
based on total weight food product (dry).
5. The food product of claim 3 wherein the zein protein ingredient includes at least 80 weight percent alpha-zein protein, based on total weight zein protein (solids).
6. The food product of claim 3 wherein the zein protein ingredient includes from 40 to 88 weight percent alpha-zein and from 12 to 60 weight percent combined beta-zein and gamma-zein, based on total weight zein protein (dry).
7. The food product of claim 3 wherein the zein protein ingredient contains from 55 to 70 weight percent alpha-zein, from 2 to 8 weight percent beta-zein, and from 5 to 25 weight percent gamma-zein.
8. The food product of claim 1 comprising not more than 2 weight percent fat, based on total weight zein protein (dry).
9. The food product of claim 1 comprising:
from 50 to 70 weight percent flour component, and
from 20 to 30 weight percent non-zein protein ingredient separate from the flour component,
based on total weight food product (dry).
10. The food product of claim 1 wherein the food product is a dough containing from about 13 to about 30 weight percent water based on total weight dough.
11. The food product of claim 1 wherein the food product is an expanded food product containing from about 1 to about 7 weight percent water based on the total weight of the food product.
12. A method of preparing a puffed extruded food product, the method comprising:
providing a dough comprising:
flour component comprising starch,
from 5 to 30 weight percent non-zein protein ingredient based on total weight dough, wherein the non-zein protein ingredient comprises non-zein protein having a lysine content that is higher than that of zein protein, and
from 3 to less than 15 weight percent zein protein ingredient, based on total weight dough, the zein protein ingredient containing a concentrated amount of zein protein, and
extruding the dough to form a puffed extruded food product,
wherein the zein protein ingredient is effective to reduce hardness of the puffed extruded food product.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the dough comprises:
at least 40 weight percent flour component, based on total weight food product (dry).
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the dough comprises:
from 40 to 70 weight percent starch,
from about 10 to about 40 weight percent total protein,
and
from 5 to 25 weight percent non-zein protein ingredient,
based on total weight food product (dry).
15. The method of claim 12 wherein the dough comprises not more than 2 weight percent fat, based on total weight zein protein (dry).
16. The method of claim 12 wherein the dough comprises:
from 50 to 70 weight flour percent component, and
from 5 to less than 15 weight percent zein protein ingredient,
from 20 to 30 weight percent non-zein protein ingredient separate from the flour component,
based on total weight food product (dry).
17. The food product of claim 1 wherein the zein protein ingredient includes from 40 to 88 weight percent alpha zein protein based on total zein protein.
18. The food product of claim 1 having an expansion ratio of at least 2.2.
19. The food product of claim 1 wherein non-zein protein in the non-zein protein ingredient has a higher solubility in water than the zein protein in the zein protein ingredient.
20. The food product of claim 1 wherein non-zein protein in the non-zein protein ingredient has a lysine content that is higher than that of zein protein.
21. The food product of claim 1 wherein non-zein protein in the non-zein protein ingredient is selected from: whey, soy, wheat, fish, egg, poultry, and legume.
22. The food product of claim 1 wherein the non-zein protein ingredient comprises at least 70 weight percent non-zein protein based on total weight non-zein protein ingredient (solids), wherein the non-zein protein is selected from: whey, soy, wheat, fish, egg, poultry, and legume.
23. The food product of claim 22 wherein the non-zein protein ingredient is selected from: vital wheat gluten, pea protein isolate, whey, and soy protein isolate.
24. The method of claim 12 wherein non-zein protein in the non-zein protein ingredient has a higher solubility in water than the zein protein in the zein protein ingredient.
25. The method of claim 12 wherein the non-zein protein ingredient comprises non-zein protein is selected from: whey, soy, wheat, fish, egg, poultry, and legume.
26. The method of claim 12 wherein the non-zein protein ingredient contains at least 70 weight percent non-zein protein based on total weight non-zein protein ingredient (solids), wherein the non-zein protein is selected from: whey, soy, wheat, fish, egg, poultry, and legume.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein the non-zein protein ingredient is selected from: vital wheat gluten, pea protein isolate, whey, and soy protein isolate.
28. The food product of claim 1 wherein the zein protein ingredient contains at least 70 weight percent zein protein based on total weight zein protein ingredient (solids).
29. The method of claim 12 wherein the zein protein ingredient contains at least 70 weight percent zein protein based on total weight zein protein ingredient (solids).