High level production of long-chain dicarboxylic acids with microbes
Recombinant microbial cells comprising an engineered LCDA production pathway that comprises at least one up-regulated long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACoS) are disclosed. These recombinant microbial cells are capable of producing one or more long-chain dicarboxylic acid (LCDA) products from a long-chain fatty acid-comprising substrate. Methods of using recombinant microbial cells to produce LCDAs are also disclosed.
1. A recombinant yeast cell comprising an engineered long-chain dicarboxylic acid (LCDA) production pathway that comprises up-regulation of a polynucleotide sequence encoding a long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACoS enzyme) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44,
wherein said upregulation of the polynucleotide sequence encoding the ACoS enzyme is by having introduced one or more copies of the polynucleotide sequence to the yeast cell, wherein the polynucleotide sequence is operably linked to a promoter, and
wherein said yeast cell can produce one or more LCDA products from a long-chain fatty acid-comprising substrate.
2. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the ACoS enzyme has both long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase activity and coumaroyl-CoA synthetase activity.
3. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the engineered LCDA production pathway further comprises one or more of the following features:
(i) up-regulation of a polynucleotide sequence encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP enzyme),
(ii) up-regulation of a polynucleotide sequence encoding a cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR enzyme),
(iii) up-regulation of a polynucleotide sequence encoding a fatty alcohol oxidase (FAO enzyme),
(iv) up-regulation of a polynucleotide sequence encoding a fatty alcohol dehydrogenase (FADH enzyme), and/or
(v) up-regulation of a polynucleotide sequence encoding a fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH enzyme),
wherein said up-regulation of the polynucleotide sequence of (i)-(v) is by having introduced one or more copies of the polynucleotide sequence of (i)-(v) to the yeast cell, and wherein the polynucleotide sequence of (i)-(v) is operably linked to a promoter.
4. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 3 , wherein either or both the polynucleotide sequence encoding said CYP enzyme and the polynucleotide sequence encoding said CPR enzyme are up-regulated.
5. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the yeast cell further comprises down-regulation of an endogenous polynucleotide sequence encoding a peroxisome biogenesis factor,
wherein said down-regulation is by having disrupted a gene encoding the peroxisome biogenesis factor, or by having used antisense or RNAi technology.
6. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 5 , wherein the peroxisome biogenesis factor is peroxisome biogenesis factor-3.
7. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the yeast cell further comprises down-regulation of an endogenous polynucleotide sequence encoding a peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase,
wherein said down-regulation is by having disrupted a gene encoding the peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase, or by having used antisense or RNAi technology.
8. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 7 , wherein the peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase is peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase-2, -3, and/or -4.
9. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the yeast cell has reduced lipid synthesis and/or storage capability.
10. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 9 , wherein said reduced lipid synthesis and/or storage capability is due to a down-regulation of at least one endogenous polynucleotide sequence encoding a diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT enzyme),
wherein said down-regulation is by having disrupted a gene encoding the DGAT enzyme, or by having used antisense or RNAi technology.
11. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein the yeast cell is a Yarrowia cell.
12. The recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 , wherein:
the LCDA product has a chain length of 10 to 24 carbon atoms, and/or
the long-chain fatty acid-comprising substrate comprises a free long-chain fatty acid or an esterified long-chain fatty acid.
13. A method of producing a long-chain dicarboxylic acid (LCDA), said method comprising:
(a) contacting the recombinant yeast cell of claim 1 with a long-chain fatty acid-comprising substrate, wherein the yeast cell synthesizes an LCDA from said substrate; and
(b) optionally recovering the LCDA of step (a).
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the yeast cell is a Yarrowia cell.
15. The method of claim 13 , comprising step (b) of recovering the LCDA of step (a).