Positive electrode having improved pore structure in positive electrode active material layer
Provided herein are a positive electrode for a secondary battery and a secondary battery including the same. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a dispersant, wherein the conductive material includes bundle-type carbon nanotubes, units of which have an average strand diameter of 15 nm or less, and the positive electrode active material layer has a packing density of 3.0 g/cc or more, and has an average pore diameter of 0.1 μm to 0.5 μm at the packing density when a pore size distribution is measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry, and thus may exhibit excellent electrolyte wetting properties. As a result, when the positive electrode is applied to a battery, wetting time of the positive electrode is shortened, and an area of the positive electrode that is not filled with an electrolyte is reduced, resulting in enhanced battery performance.
1. A positive electrode for a secondary battery, the positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material layer comprising a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a dispersant,
wherein the conductive material comprises bundle-type carbon nanotubes, units of which have an average strand diameter of 15 nm or less,
wherein the carbon nanotubes have an average value of a ratio (IG/ID) of an intensity (IG) of a maximum peak of a G band at 1,580±50 cm −1 to an intensity (ID) of a maximum peak of a D band at 1,360±50 cm −1 of 0.7 to 1.7 and a standard deviation of the ratio of 1.3% to 2.0%, the ID and IG being obtained by Raman spectroscopy using a laser with a wavelength of 532 nm, and
wherein the positive electrode active material comprises a lithium nickel manganese cobalt-based oxide, and
the positive electrode active material layer has a packing density of 3.1 g/cc to 3.4 g/cc and has an average pore diameter of 0.1 μm to 0.3 μm at the packing density when a pore size distribution is measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry, the average pore diameter being calculated by Equation 1 below:
Average pore diameter P =4 V/A [Equation 1]
wherein, in Equation 1, V is a pore volume, and A is a pore area, and
wherein the positive electrode active material layer exhibits a maximum peak within a pore diameter range of 250 nm to 330 nm at a packing density of 3.0 g/cc or more, the pore diameter range being measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry.
2. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes have a specific surface area of 200 m 2 /g to 330 m 2 /g.
3. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the dispersant comprises a hydrogenated nitrile butadiene-based rubber.
4. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the dispersant comprises a hydrogenated nitrile butadiene-based rubber comprising an α,β-unsaturated nitrile-derived structural unit in an amount of 10 wt % to 50 wt % with respect to a total weight of the rubber.
5. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the dispersant comprises a hydrogenated nitrile butadiene-based rubber comprising a hydrogenated conjugated diene-derived structural unit in an amount of 20 wt % to 80 wt % with respect to a total weight of the rubber.
6. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the dispersant comprises a partially hydrogenated nitrile butadiene-based rubber comprising: 10 wt % to 50 wt % of a conjugated diene-derived structural unit; 20 wt % to 80 wt % of a hydrogenated conjugated diene-derived structural unit; and 10 wt % to 50 wt % of an α,β-unsaturated nitrile-derived structural unit.
7. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the dispersant comprises a hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 g/mol to 700,000 g/mol and a polydispersity index of 2.0 to 6.0.
8. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the dispersant is included in an amount of 1 part by weight to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carbon nanotubes.
9. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode active material comprises a lithium composite metal oxide comprising lithium and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, nickel, and aluminum.
10. The positive electrode of claim 9 , wherein the lithium composite metal oxide is doped with one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Ta, Nb, Mg, B, W, and Mo.
11. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode active material has a mean particle diameter (D 50 ) of 2 μm to 30 μm.
12. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode active material is a mixture of two or more positive electrode active materials having different mean particle diameters.
13. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode active material comprises a mixture of a first positive electrode active material having a mean particle diameter (D 50 ) of 2 μm to 10 μm and a second positive electrode active material having a mean particle diameter (D 50 ) exceeding 10 μm and equal to or less than 30 μm.
14. The positive electrode of claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode active material has a bimodal type particle size distribution.
15. A lithium secondary battery comprising the positive electrode of claim 1 .
16. A battery module comprising the positive electrode of claim 1 .