Method to additive manufacture biocompatible material and articles made by the method
A method of additive manufacturing is comprised of providing a material comprised of a ethyl cellulose polymer having an ethoxy content of 43% to 52% by mass and a plasticizer. The material is heated and dispensed through a nozzle to form an extrudate deposited on a base. The base, nozzle or combination thereof is moved while dispensing the material so that there is horizontal displacement between the base and nozzle in a predetermined pattern to form an initial layer of the material on the base and successive layers of the material are adhered on the initial layer to form an additive manufactured part by repeating the aforementioned steps. The article formed of the ethyl cellulose polymer may be used in many applications such as those related to the pharmaceutical and food industries.
1. A method of additive manufacturing comprising,
(i) providing a material comprised of an ethyl cellulose polymer having an ethoxyl content of 43% to 52% by mass and a plasticizer as a filament,
(ii) heating and extruding said material through an extrusion nozzle to form an extrudate deposited on a base,
(iii) moving the base, extrusion nozzle or combination thereof while extruding the material so that there is horizontal displacement between the base and extrusion nozzle in a predetermined pattern to form an initial layer of the material on the base, and
(iv) repeating steps (ii) and (iii) to form a successive layer of the material adhered on the initial layer to form an additive manufactured part,
wherein the amount of the plasticizer in the material is from about 5% to about 30% by weight and the plasticizer is glycerine, dibutyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, dicylclohexyl phthalate, butyl phthalyl, butyl glycolate, cresyldiphenyl phosphate, benzyl phthalate, triethylcitrate, dibutylsebacate, sorbitol, or mixture thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises repeating step (iv) such that a plurality of successive layers are adhered and built up forming the additive manufactured part.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ethyl cellulose polymer has a viscosity 2 to 400 centipoise, the viscosity being the viscosity of a 5% by weight solution of the ethyl cellulose polymer in an 80% toluene/20% by weight ethanol solution.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the material is further comprised of a filler, drug, food, dye, lubricant, surfactant, stabilizer, antioxidant or mixture thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing a second material that is able to be dissolved in a solvent in which the material does not dissolve, wherein the heating, extruding, moving and repeating are performed using the material and the second material such that the additive manufactured part is comprised of the material and the second material.
6. The method of claim 5 further comprising removing the second material from the additive manufactured part by dissolving it in the solvent in which the material does not dissolve.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the second material is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose or combination thereof and the solvent is water.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the water temperature is less than 30° C.
9. The method of claim 5 further comprising removing the material from the additive manufactured part by dissolving it in a solvent in which the second material does not dissolve.
10. The method of claim 6 or 9 , wherein the second material is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose or combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a DS of at least 1.0 and an MS of at least 0.6, and wherein the hydroxyethyl methylcellulose is a hydroxyethyl methylcellulose having a DS of 1.8 to 2.5 and an MS of 0.5 to 2.5.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the second material is used as a support for the material comprised of the ethyl cellulose polymer and plasticizer.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the second material is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose or combination thereof, and the solvent is alcohol, aromatic hydrocarbon, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon, ether, ketone, or combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the solvent is methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol or combination thereof.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating is to a temperature from about 120° C. to 220° C.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer is triethylcitrate, sorbitol, or mixture thereof.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the plasticizer is a mixture of triethylcitrate and sorbitol.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the amount of the plasticizer in the material is from about 5% to about 25% by weight.