Evacuated blood collection tubes containing protease inhibitors for the assessment of contact system activation
Disclosed herein are evacuated blood collection tubes comprising protease inhibitor cocktails in liquid form and uses thereof for assessing features associated with the contact system in a subject, including the endogenous level of contact system activation, the endogenous level of a drug that targets a component of contact system during treatment, and/or the immunogenicity of such a drug.
1. A method for assessing the endogenous level of contact system activation in a subject, the method comprising:
(i) collecting blood from a subject to an evacuated blood collection tube;
(ii) processing the blood to produce a plasma sample; and
(iii) measuring the level of contact system activation in the plasma sample,
wherein the evacuated blood collection tube comprises a liquid formulation that comprises a mixture of protease inhibitors, polybrene, and EDTA, wherein the mixture of protease inhibitors comprises benzamidine, soybean trypsin inhibitor, leupeptin, and 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF).
2. A method for assessing the level of a drug targeting the contact system in a subject, the method comprising:
(i) collecting blood from a subject to an evacuated blood collection tube; wherein the subject has been administered a drug that targets a component of the contact system;
(ii) processing the blood to produce a plasma sample; and
(iii) measuring the level of the drug in the plasma sample,
wherein the evacuated blood collection tube comprises a liquid formulation that comprises a mixture of protease inhibitors, polybrene, and EDTA, wherein the mixture of protease inhibitors comprises benzamidine, soybean trypsin inhibitor, leupeptin, and 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF).
3. A method for assessing immunogenicity of a drug targeting the contact system, the method comprising:
(i) collecting blood from a subject to an evacuated blood collection tube; wherein the subject has been administered a drug that targets a component of the contact system;
(ii) processing the blood to produce a plasma sample; and
(iii) measuring the level of antibodies that bind to the drug in the plasma sample,
wherein the evacuated blood collection tube comprises a liquid formulation that comprises a mixture of protease inhibitors, polybrene, and EDTA, wherein the mixture of protease inhibitors comprises benzamidine, soybean trypsin inhibitor, leupeptin, and 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tube is a non-glass tube.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid formulation comprises 80-120 mM benzamidine, 1-3 mg/ml soybean trypsin inhibitor, 200-300 μM leupeptin, and 10-30 mM AEBSF.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid formulation comprises 100 mM benzamidine, 2 mg/ml soybean trypsin inhibitor, 263 μM leupeptin, and 20 mM AEBSF.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polybrene is at a concentration of 400 μg/mL and the EDTA is at a concentration of 20 mM.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid formulation further comprises trisodium citrate, citric acid, and dextrose.
9. The method of claim 8 , the trisodium citrate is at a concentration of 100 mM, the citric acid is at a concentration of 67 mM, and the dextrose is 2%.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid formulation has a pH of 4-6.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the liquid formulation has a pH of 4.5.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of protease inhibitors consists of benzamidine, soybean trypsin inhibitor, leupeptin, and AEBSF.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (i), the evacuated blood collection tube is not the first tube filled with the blood from the subject; and/or step (ii) is performed within one hour after step (i).
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a human subject having a disease associated with the contact system.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the disease is hereditary angioedema (HAE) or idiopathic angioedema.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the human subject is treated with a drug targeting a component of the contact system, optionally plasma kallikrein (pKal).
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the drug inhibits active plasma kallikrein.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (iii) is performed by measuring the level of one or more biomarkers indicative of contact system activation.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the one or more biomarkers are selected from the group consisting of prekallikrein, active plasma kallikrein (pKal), α2M-pKal complex, active Factor XII, active Factor XI, high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK), and a bradykinin metabolite.
20. The method of claim 3 , wherein the method further comprises, prior to step (iii), isolating antibodies that bind to the drug from the plasma sample.