Methods for manufacturing phthalocyanine dye conjugates and stable conjugates
Provided are methods for manufacturing a conjugate containing a phthalocyanine dye, including methods that include one or more steps of preparing or producing the conjugate, formulating the conjugate and packaging the conjugate. In some aspects, the manufacturing methods result in the generation of a stable conjugate. Also provided are stable phthalocyanine dye conjugates, compositions and articles of manufacture containing the stable conjugates, and methods for their administration to subjects for photoimmunotherapy. In some embodiments, the phthalocyanine dye conjugates are conjugated to a targeting molecule, such as an antibody, that targets the conjugate to a cell or pathogen, such as by binding to a cell surface protein.
1. A method of manufacturing a phthalocyanine dye-targeting molecule conjugate, the method comprising:
(a) contacting a targeting molecule with a phthalocyanine dye under conditions to produce a conjugate comprising the phthalocyanine dye linked to the targeting molecule; and
(b) formulating the conjugate in a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer, wherein in each of steps (a)-(b):
the only light to which the dye and conjugate are exposed has a wavelength within a range from at or about 400 nm to at or about 650 nm, or
the only light to which the dye and conjugate are exposed has an intensity of less than at or about 200 lux wherein the targeting molecule is an antibody or an antibody fragment.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting step a) further comprises contacting the targeting molecule with the phthalocyanine dye at a molar ratio of dye to targeting molecule of from at or about 1:1 to at or about 100:1, and wherein the conjugate is formulated to a concentration from at or about 0.1 mg/mL to at or about 200.0 mg/mL.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conjugate is formulated to a concentration from at or about 0.5 mg/mL to at or about 10.0 mg/mL.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phthalocyanine dye comprises IRDye 700DX-NHS (IR700-NHS).
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the targeting molecule binds to an antigen, a protein or a cell surface target molecule.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein targeting molecule is cetuximab or a fragment thereof.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cell surface target molecule is selected from among cell membrane phospholipids, prokaryotic peptidoglycans, bacterial cell envelop proteins, viral capsid proteins, ACTHR, endothelial cell Anxa-1, aminopeptidase N, IL-6R, alpha-4-integrin, alpha-5-beta-3 integrin, alpha-5-beta-5 integrin, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), ANPA, ANPB, APA, APN, APP, 1AR, 2AR, AT1, B1, B2, BAGE1, BAGE2, B-cell receptor BB1, BB2, BB4, calcitonin receptor, cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), CCK1, CCK2, CD5, CD10, CD11a, CD13, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD25, CD30, CD33, CD38, CD45, CD52, CD56, CD68, CD90, CD133, CD7, CD15, CD34, CD44, CD206, CD271, CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen), CGRP, chemokine receptors, cell-surface annexin-1, cell-surface plectin-1, Cripto-1, CRLR, CXCR2, CXCR4, DCC, DLL3, E2 glycoprotein, EGFR, EGFRvIII, EMR1, Endosialin, EP2, EP4, EpCAM, EphA2, ET receptors, Fibronectin, Fibronectin ED-B, FGFR, frizzled receptors, GAGE1, GAGE2, GAGE3, GAGE4, GAGE5, GAGE6, GLP-1 receptor, G-protein coupled receptors of the Family A (Rhodopsin-like), G-protein coupled receptors of the Family B (Secretin receptor-like), G-protein coupled receptors of the Family C (Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-like), GD2, GP100, GP120, Glypican-3, hemagglutinin, Heparin sulfates, HER1, HER2, HER3, HER4, HMFG, HPV 16/18 and E6/E7 antigens, hTERT, IL11-R, IL-13R, ITGAM, Kalikrien-9, Lewis Y, LH receptor, LHRH-R, LPA1, MAC-1, MAGE 1, MAGE 2, MAGE 3, MAGE 4, MART1, MC1R, Mesothelin, MUC1, MUC16, Neu (cell-surface Nucleolin), Neprilysin, Neuropilin-1, Neuropilin-2, NG2, NK1, NK2, NK3, NMB-R, Notch-1, NY-ESO-1, OT-R, mutant p53, p97 melanoma antigen, NTR2, NTR3, p32 (p32/gC1q-R/HABP1), p75, PAC1, PAR1, Patched (PTCH), PDGFR, PDFG receptors, PDT, Protease-cleaved collagen IV, proteinase 3, prohibitin, protein tyrosine kinase 7, PSA, PSMA, purinergic P2X family, P2X1-5, mutant Ras, RAMP1, RAMP2, RAMP3 patched, RET receptor, plexins, smoothened, sst1, sst2A, sst2B, sst3, sst4, sst5, substance P, TEMs, T-cell CD3 Receptor, TAG72, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, Tie-1, Tie-2, Trk-A, Trk-B, Trk-C, TR1, TRPA, TRPC, TRPV, TRPM, TRPML, TRPP, TRPV1-6, TRPA1, TRPC1-7, TRPM1-8, TRPP1-5, TRPML1-3, TSH receptor, VEGF receptors, VEGFR1, Flt-1, VEGFR2, FLK-1/KDR, VEGF-3, FLT-4, voltage-gated ion channels, VPAC1, VPAC2, Wilms tumor 1, Y1, Y2, Y4, and Y5.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a quenching step subsequent to step (a) and before step (b), wherein, during the quenching step:
the only light to which the conjugate is exposed has a wavelength within a range from at or about 400 nm to at or about 650 nm, or
the only light to which the conjugate are exposed has an intensity of less than at or about 200 lux.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the quenching step comprises contacting the conjugate with glycine.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phthalocyanine dye comprises the formula:
wherein:
L is a linker;
Q is a reactive group for attachment of the dye to the targeting molecule;
R 2 , R 3 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently selected from among optionally substituted alkyl and optionally substituted aryl;
R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 11 are each independently selected from among hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkanoyl, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted alkylcarbamoyl, and a chelating ligand, wherein at least one of R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 11 comprises a water soluble group;
R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 and R 23 are each independently selected from among hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkylthio, optionally substituted alkylamino and optionally substituted alkoxy; and
X 2 and X 3 are each independently C 1 -C 10 alkylene, optionally interrupted by a heteroatom.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the phthalocyanine dye comprises the formula:
wherein:
X 1 and X 4 are each independently a C 1 -C 10 alkylene optionally interrupted by a heteroatom;
R 2 , R 3 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl and optionally substituted aryl;
R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 11 are each independently selected from among hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkanoyl, optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted alkylcarbamoyl, and a chelating ligand, wherein at least one of R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 11 comprises a water soluble group; and
R 16 , R 17 , R 18 and R 19 are each independently selected from among hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkylthio, optionally substituted alkylamino and optionally substituted.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the manufactured conjugate comprises two or more features selected from among:
(a) less than or equal to 3% free dye,
(b) high molecular weight species less than or equal to 5%,
(c) low molecular weight species less than or equal to 5%, and/or
(d) greater than or equal to 92% monomer.
13. The method of claim 4 , wherein the manufactured conjugate comprises two or more features selected from among:
(a) less than or equal to 3% free dye,
(b) high molecular weight species less than or equal to 5%,
(c) low molecular weight species less than or equal to 5%, and/or
(d) greater than or equal to 92% monomer.
14. A method of manufacturing a phthalocyanine dye-targeting molecule conjugate, the method comprising:
(a) contacting a targeting molecule with a phthalocyanine dye under conditions to produce a conjugate comprising the phthalocyanine dye linked to the targeting molecule;
(b) quenching by contacting with glycine; and
(c) formulating the conjugate in a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer, wherein in each of steps (a)-(c):
the only light to which the dye and conjugate are exposed has a wavelength within a range from at or about 400 nm to at or about 650 nm wherein the targeting molecule is an antibody or an antibody fragment.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the manufactured conjugate comprises two or more features selected from among:
(a) less than or equal to 3% free dye,
(b) high molecular weight species less than or equal to 5%,
(c) low molecular weight species less than or equal to 5%, and/or
(d) greater than or equal to 92% monomer.
16. A method of manufacturing a phthalocyanine dye-targeting molecule conjugate, the method comprising:
(a) contacting a targeting molecule with a phthalocyanine dye under conditions to produce a conjugate comprising the phthalocyanine dye linked to the targeting molecule;
(b) quenching by contacting with glycine; and
(c) formulating the conjugate in a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer, wherein in each of steps (a)-(c):
the only light to which the dye and conjugate are exposed has an intensity of less than at or about 200 lux wherein the targeting molecule is an antibody or an antibody fragment.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the manufactured conjugate comprises two or more features selected from among:
(a) less than or equal to 3% free dye,
(b) high molecular weight species less than or equal to 5%,
(c) low molecular weight species less than or equal to 5%, and/or
(d) greater than or equal to 92% monomer.