Inverse tone mapping based on luminance zones
Inverse tone mapping based on luminance zones is provided. A digital image can be obtained and luminance values of pixels of the digital image can be determined. One or more values of luminance zone boundaries can be determined. A zone expansion exponent map based on the luminance values and the one or more luminance zone boundaries can be determined. The one or more luminance zone boundaries divide the zone expansion exponent map into a plurality of luminance zones. The luminance values of the image can be inverse tone mapped based on the zone expansion exponent map. An expanded dynamic range image can be provided based on the inverse tone mapped luminance values.
1. A method for providing an expanded dynamic range image from a digital image defined by pixels associated with colors represented in a color space separating luminance (Y) from chrominance, comprising:
determining a plurality of luminance zones in which luminance values representing said colors of pixels are distributed,
for each of said plurality of luminance zones, defining an expansion exponent quadratic function of low-pass filtered luminance determining an expansion exponent value E(p) for each pixel (p) of said luminance zone,
inverse tone mapping luminance value of each pixel by applying an expansion exponent value E(p) to said luminance value, wherein said expansion exponent value E(p) is obtained by applying to a low-pass filtered luminance value of said luminance value the expansion exponent quadratic function of the luminance zone to which said luminance value belongs, and
providing the expanded dynamic range image based on the inverse tone mapped luminance values,
wherein said plurality of luminance zones comprises at least three luminance zones, a low zone for luminances of low values, a high zone for luminances of high values, and a middle zone for luminances comprised between luminances of low values and luminances of high values,
wherein said expansion exponent quadratic functions are defined by one set of three parameters a′, b′, c′ and by the position of at least five expansion exponent control points such that:
said expansion exponent quadratic function determining expansion exponent values in middle zone passes through the second, third, fourth of these five expansion exponent control points,
said expansion exponent quadratic function determining expansion exponent values in low zone passes through the first and second of these five expansion exponent control points, and
said expansion exponent quadratic function determining expansion exponent values in high zone passes through the fourth and fifth of these five expansion exponent control points.
2. The method for providing an expanded dynamic range image according to claim 1 , comprising interpolating a global expansion exponent curve from the different expansion exponent quadratic functions, using a spline interpolation method.
3. The method for providing an expanded dynamic range image according to claim 1 , comprising determining a contrast value for each pixel (p) of said digital image, wherein inverse tone mapping luminance value Y(p) of said pixel comprises multiplying luminance value obtained by the application of said expansion exponent value E(p) by said determined contrast value.
4. The method for providing an expanded dynamic range image according to claim 3 , wherein determining a contrast value for each pixel (p) is performed according to the luminance zone to which luminance value Y(p) of said pixel belongs.
5. The method for providing an expanded dynamic range image according to claim 1 , comprising determining a lift value for each pixel (p) of said digital image, wherein inverse tone mapping luminance value Y(p) of said pixel comprises shifting luminance value obtained by the application of said expansion exponent value E(p) by said lift value.
6. The method for providing an expanded dynamic range image according to claim 5 , wherein determining a lift value for each pixel (p) is performed according to the luminance zone to which luminance value Y(p) of said pixel belongs.
7. The method for providing an expanded dynamic range image according to claim 6 , wherein determining a lift value for each pixel of said digital image is performed according to a lift quadratic function of said luminance values which depends on the luminance zone to which luminance value Y(p) of said pixel belongs, wherein said lift quadratic functions are defined through at least five lift control points such that:
said lift quadratic function determining lift values in middle zone passes through the second, third, fourth of these five lift control points,
said lift quadratic function determining lift values in low zone passes through the first and second of these five lift control points, and
said lift quadratic function determining lift values in high zone passes through the fourth and fifth of these five lift control points, and
wherein said method comprises interpolating a global lift curve from the different lift quadratic functions using a spline interpolation method.
8. An apparatus for providing an expanded dynamic range image from a digital image defined by pixels associated with colors represented in a color space separating luminance (Y) from chrominance, comprising a processing unit configured to:
determine a plurality of luminance zones in which luminance values representing said colors of pixels are distributed,
for each of said plurality of luminance zones, define an expansion exponent quadratic function of low-pass filtered luminance determining an expansion exponent value E(p) for each pixel (p) of said luminance zone,
inverse tone map luminance value of each pixel by applying an expansion exponent value E(p) to said luminance value, wherein said expansion exponent value E(p) is obtained by applying to a low-pass filtered luminance value of said luminance value the expansion exponent quadratic function of the luminance zone to which said luminance value belongs, and
provide the expanded dynamic range image based on the inverse tone mapped luminance values,
wherein said plurality of luminance zones comprises at least three luminance zones, a low zone for luminances of low values, a high zone for luminances of high values, and a middle zone for luminances comprised between luminances of low values and luminances of high values,
wherein said expansion exponent quadratic functions are defined by one set of three parameters a′, b′, c′ and by the position of at least five expansion exponent control points such that:
said expansion exponent quadratic function determining expansion exponent values in middle zone passes through the second, third, fourth of these five expansion exponent control points,
said expansion exponent quadratic function determining expansion exponent values in low zone passes through the first and second of these five expansion exponent control points, and
said expansion exponent quadratic function determining expansion exponent values in high zone passes through the fourth and fifth of these five expansion exponent control points.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the processing unit is further configured to interpolate a global expansion exponent curve from the different expansion exponent quadratic functions, using a spline interpolation method.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the processing unit is further configured to determine a contrast value for each pixel (p) of said digital image, wherein inverse tone mapping luminance value Y(p) of said pixel comprises multiplying luminance value obtained by the application of said expansion exponent value E(p) by said determined contrast value.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein determining a contrast value for each pixel (p) is performed according to the luminance zone to which luminance value Y(p) of said pixel belongs.
12. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the processing unit is further configured to determine a lift value for each pixel (p) of said digital image, wherein inverse tone mapping luminance value Y(p) of said pixel comprises shifting luminance value obtained by the application of said expansion exponent value E(p) by said lift value.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein determining a lift value for each pixel (p) is performed according to the luminance zone to which luminance value Y(p) of said pixel belongs.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein determining a lift value for each pixel of said digital image is performed according to a lift quadratic function of said luminance values which depends on the luminance zone to which luminance value Y(p) of said pixel belongs, wherein said lift quadratic functions are defined through at least five lift control points such that:
said lift quadratic function determining lift values in middle zone passes through the second, third, fourth of these five lift control points,
said lift quadratic function determining lift values in low zone passes through the first and second of these five lift control points, and
said lift quadratic function determining lift values in high zone passes through the fourth and fifth of these five lift control points, and
wherein said processing unit is further configured to interpolate a global lift curve from the different lift quadratic functions using a spline interpolation method.
15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions executable to provide an expanded dynamic range image from a digital image defined by pixels associated with colors represented in a color space separating luminance (Y) from chrominance, by:
determining a plurality of luminance zones in which luminance values representing said colors of pixels are distributed,
for each of said plurality of luminance zones, defining an expansion exponent quadratic function of low-pass filtered luminance determining an expansion exponent value E(p) for each pixel (p) of said luminance zone,
inverse tone mapping luminance value of each pixel by applying an expansion exponent value E(p) to said luminance value, wherein said expansion exponent value E(p) is obtained by applying to a low-pass filtered luminance value of said luminance value the expansion exponent quadratic function of the luminance zone to which said luminance value belongs, and
providing the expanded dynamic range image based on the inverse tone mapped luminance values,
wherein said plurality of luminance zones comprises at least three luminance zones, a low zone for luminances of low values, a high zone for luminances of high values, and a middle zone for luminances comprised between luminances of low values and luminances of high values,
wherein said expansion exponent quadratic functions are defined by one set of three parameters a′, b′, c′ and by the position of at least five expansion exponent control points such that:
said expansion exponent quadratic function determining expansion exponent values in middle zone passes through the second, third, fourth of these five expansion exponent control points,
said expansion exponent quadratic function determining expansion exponent values in low zone passes through the first and second of these five expansion exponent control points, and
said expansion exponent quadratic function determining expansion exponent values in high zone passes through the fourth and fifth of these five expansion exponent control points.