Diluted cationic friction reducers
A water-in-oil emulsion having an oil phase (O) and an aqueous phase (A) at an O/A ratio of from about 1:8 to about 10:1; wherein the water-in-oil emulsion includes the oil phase as a continuous phase that includes an inert hydrophobic liquid, and the aqueous phase as a dispersed phase of distinct particles in the oil phase that includes water, a water soluble polymer, and at least one surfactant; wherein the water soluble polymer includes from about 1 to about 60 weight percent of one or more cationic monomers, wherein the amount is by total weight of the water soluble polymer; wherein the water soluble polymer is present in an amount from about 5 to about 40 weight percent of the water-in-oil emulsion; and wherein an aqueous solution prepared by inverting the water-in-oil emulsion by adding it to water has at least comparable viscosity build to an aqueous solution made from a water-in-oil emulsion of the same composition containing 15 weight percent more water soluble polymer. Also provided is a method of treating a portion of a subterranean formation that includes the steps of: (a) providing a water-in-oil emulsion according to the present disclosure; (b) inverting the water-in-oil emulsion by adding it to water at from about 0.1 to about 5 gallons of water-in-oil emulsion per thousand gallons of water to form a friction reducing treatment solution containing from about 0.0005 weight percent to about 0.12 weight percent water soluble polymer based on the weight of the treatment solution; and (c) introducing the treatment solution into the portion of the subterranean formation.
1. An aqueous treatment fluid comprising a water-in-oil emulsion consisting of an oil phase (O) and an aqueous phase (A) at an O/A ratio of from 1:8 to about 10:1;
wherein the oil phase is a continuous phase comprising one or more inert hydrophobic liquids, and
the aqueous phase is present as a dispersed phase of distinct particles in the oil phase comprising water, a water soluble polymer, and at least one surfactant;
wherein the water soluble polymer consists of 40 to 60 weight percent of acrylamide, 10-40 weight percent acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (AETAC), and optionally further comprising 10-30 weight percent diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) and/or methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC), wherein the amount is by total weight of the water soluble polymer;
wherein the water soluble polymer is present in an amount from about 5 to about 40 weight percent of the water-in-oil emulsion;
an inverting surfactant and,
optionally, at least one of a polymerization inhibitor or a salt.
2. The aqueous treatment fluid according to of claim 1 , wherein the water soluble polymer has a molecular weight in the range of from about 1,000,000 to about 20,000,000.
3. The aqueous treatment fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer has a reduced viscosity, as determined in a Ubbelhhde Capillary Viscometer at 0.05% by weight concentration of the polymer in 1M NaCl solution, at 30° C., pH 7, of from about 5 to about 40 dl/g.
4. A method of treating a portion of a subterranean formation comprising the steps of:
(a) providing the water-in-oil of claim 1 ;
(b) inverting the water-in-oil emulsion by addition it to water as from about 0.1 to 5 gallons of water-in-oil emulsion per thousand gallons of water to form a friction reducing treatment solution containing from about 0.0005 weight percent to about 0.12 weight percent water soluble polymer based on the weight of the treatment solution; and
(c) introducing the treatment solution into the portion of the subterranean formation.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the friction reducing treatment solution is introduced into the portion of the subterranean formation at a rate and pressure sufficient to create or enhance one or more fractures in the portion of the subterranean formation.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the water-in-oil emulsion further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of inhibitors, salts, inverting surfactants, and combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the water-in-oil emulsion comprises ammonium salt, 4-methoxyphenol, and an ethoxylated C 12 -C 6 alcohol; and wherein the inert hydrophobic liquid comprises a mixture of paraffinic hydrocarbons and napthenic hydrocarbons; and wherein the surfactants comprise a tall oil fatty acid diethanol amine, a polyoxyethylene (5) sorbitan monooleate, and a sorbitan monooleate.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the water-in-oil emulsion is present in the friction reducing treatment solution in an amount in the range of from about 0.1 to 3 gallons of water-in-oil emulsion per thousand gallons of 2% KCl solution (gpt).
9. The aqueous treatment fluid according to of claim 1 , wherein the water soluble polymer is present in an amount from about 5 to 25 weight percent of the water-in-oil emulsion.