Powder compositions comprising bimodal/multimodal particles, and articles prepared therefrom
A powder composition including a plurality of thermoplastic particles having an optimized particle size and particle size distribution is disclosed. The powder composition includes a plurality of thermoplastic particles having a bimodal particle size distribution or a trimodal particle size distribution. Also disclosed are methods of preparing three-dimensional articles, methods of preparing a powder coating, and articles prepared by the methods.
1. A powder composition, comprising:
a plurality of thermoplastic particles characterized by a bimodal particle size distribution comprising, based on the total weight of the particles,
67 to 77 weight percent of the particles having a first D50 less than 1 millimeter; and
23 to 33 weight percent of the particles having a second D50 that is 0.732 times the first D50.
2. A powder composition, comprising:
a plurality of thermoplastic particles characterized by a trimodal particle size distribution comprising, based on the total weight of the particles,
66 to 76 weight percent of the particles having a first D50 less than 1 millimeter;
23 to 33 weight percent of the particles having a second D50 that is 0.732 times the first D50; and
0.5 to 5 weight percent of the particles having a third D50 that is 0.268 times the first D50.
3. A powder composition, comprising:
a plurality of thermoplastic particles characterized by a bimodal particle size distribution comprising, based on the total weight of the particles,
85 to 94 weight percent of the particles having a first D50 less than 1 millimeter; and
6 to 15 weight percent of the particles having a D50 that is 0.414 times the first D50.
4. The powder composition of claim 3 , wherein the first D50 is from 1 nm to 500 micrometer.
5. The powder composition of claim 3 , wherein the first D50 is from 100 nm to 50 μm.
6. The powder composition of claim 5 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer is amorphous.
7. The powder composition of claim 3 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer is a polyacetal, poly(C 1-6 alkyl)acrylate, polyacrylamide, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyanhydride, polyarylate, polyarylene ether, polyarylene sulfide, polyarylsulfone, polybenzothiazole, polybenzoxazole, polycarbonate, polyester, polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyetherketoneketone, polyetherketone, polyethersulfone, polyimide, poly(C 1-6 alkyl)methacrylate, polymethacrylamide, polynorbornenes, polyolefin, polyoxadiazole, polyoxymethylene, polyphthalide, polysilazane, polysiloxane, polystyrene, polysulfide, polysulfonamide, polysulfonate, polysulfone, polythioester, polytriazine, polyurea, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ester, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl halide, polyvinyl ketone, polyvinyl thioether, polyvinylidene fluoride, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing thermoplastic polymers.
8. The powder composition of claim 3 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer is a polycarbonate, a polyetherimide, a polyimide, a polysulfone, a polyethersulfone, a polyphenylene sulfone, a polyarylene ether, a polyetherether ketone, a polyamide or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
9. The powder composition of claim 3 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer is amorphous.
10. The powder composition of claim 3 , further comprising a particulate filler, antioxidant, heat stabilizer, light stabilizer, ultraviolet light stabilizer, ultraviolet light absorbing additive, near infrared light absorbing additive, infrared light absorbing additive, plasticizer, lubricant, release agent, antistatic agent, anti-fog agent, antimicrobial agent, colorant, laser marking additive, surface effect additive, radiation stabilizer, flame retardant, anti-drip agent, fragrance, fiber, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
11. The powder composition of claim 3 , further comprising a flow promoter in an amount of 0.005 to 1 weight percent, based on the weight of the thermoplastic polymer particles, to provide particles having a flowability of greater than or equal to 4.
12. The powder composition of claim 11 , wherein the flow promoter comprises an unmodified fumed metal oxide, a hydrophobic fumed metal oxide, a hydrophilic fumed metal oxide, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
13. The powder composition of claim 3 , wherein the thermoplastic particles have a sphericity of 0.9 to 1, or wherein the thermoplastic particles each have a minimum and a maximum radius of within 10%.
14. A method of preparing a three-dimensional article, the method comprising:
powder bed fusing the powder composition of claim 3 to form a three-dimensional article.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the powder bed fusing comprises selective laser sintering.
16. A three-dimensional article made by the method of claim 15 .
17. A method of preparing a powder coating, the method comprising:
applying a powder coating layer comprising the powder composition of claim 3 to a substrate; and
consolidating the powder coating layer to form the powder coating.
18. A powder-coated article made by the method of claim 17 .
19. A method of preparing a three-dimensional article, the method comprising:
compression molding the powder composition of claim 3 to form the three-dimensional article.
20. A three-dimensional article made by the method of claim 19 .