OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION CATALYST
A method for the manufacture of an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst, the method comprising; providing a metal organic framework (MOF) material having a specific internal pore volume of 0.7 cm 3 g −1 or greater; providing a source of iron and/or cobalt; pyrolysing the MOF material together with the source of iron and/or cobalt to form the catalyst, wherein the MOF material comprises nitrogen and/or the MOF material is pyrolysed together with a source of nitrogen and the source of iron and/or cobalt is disclosed.
1 . A method for the manufacture of an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst, the method comprising:
pyrolysing a metal organic framework (MOF) material having a specific internal pore volume of 0.7 cm 3 g −1 or greater together with a source of iron and/or cobalt to form the catalyst,
wherein the MOF material comprises nitrogen and/or the MOF material is pyrolysed together with a source of nitrogen and the source of iron and/or cobalt.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the MOF material comprises a transition metal selected from Zn, Mg, Cu, Ag, and Ni, or a combination of two or more thereof.
3 . The method according to claim 2 , wherein the transition metal comprises zinc.
4 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the MOF material is a Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF) material.
5 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the MOF material has a specific internal pore volume of 0.9 cm 3 g −1 or greater.
6 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the source of iron and/or cobalt is a salt of iron and/or cobalt.
7 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis of the MOF material is conducted at a temperature from 700 to 1500° C.
8 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the source of nitrogen comprises a nitrogen-containing ligand, preferably 1,10-phenanthroline.
9 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis is conducted under an atmosphere comprising, argon, nitrogen, ammonia, or hydrogen, or mixtures thereof.
10 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis is conducted in two steps, a first step under an inert atmosphere and a second step under an atmosphere comprising ammonia, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide.
11 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the MOF material has an average crystal size with a longest size of 200 nm or less.
12 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the MOF material is provided on an electrically conducting support.
13 . A method for the manufacture of an ORR catalyst, the method comprising:
pyrolysing a metal organic framework (MOF) material having an isotropic cavity shape with a largest cavity size of 12 Å or greater together with a source of iron and/or cobalt to form the catalyst,
wherein the MOF material comprises nitrogen and/or the MOF material is pyrolysed together with a source of nitrogen and the source of iron and/or carbon.
14 . A method for the manufacture of an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst, the method comprising:
combining a metal organic framework (MOF) ligand and MOF metal source with a source of iron and/or cobalt and optionally a source of nitrogen;
applying a source of energy sufficient to provide a catalyst precursor comprising a MOF material having a specific internal pore volume of 0.7 cm 3 g −1 or greater;
and pyrolysing the catalyst precursor to provide the ORR catalyst.
15 . A method for the manufacture of an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst, the method comprising:
combining a metal organic framework (MOF) ligand and MOF metal source with a source of iron and/or cobalt and optionally providing a source of nitrogen;
applying a source of energy sufficient to provide a catalyst precursor comprising a MOF material having an isotropic cavity shape with a largest cavity size of 12 Å or greater;
and pyrolysing the catalyst precursor to provide the ORR catalyst.
16 . An ORR catalyst obtainable by the method of claim 1 .
17 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises forming an ink composition comprising the catalyst and a polymer.
18 . An ink composition obtainable by the method of claim 17 .
19 . A cathode electrode for a fuel cell comprising the ORR catalyst of claim 16 .
20 . An ORR catalyst obtainable by the method of claim 13 .
21 . An ORR catalyst obtainable by the method of claim 14 .
22 . An ORR catalyst obtainable by the method of claim 15 .
23 . The method according to claim 13 , wherein the method further comprises forming an ink composition comprising the catalyst and a polymer.
24 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein the method further comprises forming an ink composition comprising the catalyst and a polymer.
25 . The method according to claim 15 , wherein the method further comprises forming an ink composition comprising the catalyst and a polymer.
26 . An ink composition obtainable by the method of claim 23 .
27 . An ink composition obtainable by the method of claim 24 .
28 . An ink composition obtainable by the method of claim 25 .
29 . A cathode electrode for a fuel cell comprising the ORR catalyst of claim 20 .
30 . A cathode electrode for a fuel cell comprising the ORR catalyst of claim 21 .
31 . A cathode electrode for a fuel cell comprising the ORR catalyst of claim 22 .