Proppant comprising a crosslinked polymer for treatment of subterranean formations
Proppants comprise crosslinked polymers for treatment of subterranean formations. The proppants may have a particle size less than or equal to 100 microns. A method of treating a subterranean formation includes placing a proppant including a crosslinked polymer in the subterranean formation. The placing may include placing the proppant in secondary fractures. Placing the proppant may avoid the closure of the secondary fractures.
1. A method of treating a subterranean formation, comprising:
placing in secondary fractures in the subterranean formation a composition comprising a proppant comprising a crosslinked polymer and having a particle size less than or equal to 100 microns, wherein the composition is a linear pad fluid or a slickwater fluid, and
wherein the proppant comprises particles having a density less than 1.0 g/cm 3 and particles having a density greater than 1.0 g/cm 3 ; and
repeatedly and sequentially placing a cross-linked pad fluid and the composition in the subterranean formation to provide the formation of both dominant fractures and the secondary fractures and to avoid the closure of the secondary fractures via the placing of the composition.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the proppant comprises particles having a density of about 0.2 g/cm 3 to less than 1.0 g/cm 3 and particles having a density greater than 1.0 g/cm 3 to about 2.3 g/cm 3 .
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the proppant has a tensile strength of about 5 MPa to about 20 MPa, and wherein the proppant has a compressive strength of about 50 MPa to about 300 MPa.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is the slickwater fluid.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particles having a density less than 1.0 g/cm 3 and the particles having a density greater than 1.0 g/cm 3 are hollow.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinked polymer is about 80 wt % to about 100 wt % of the proppant.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinked polymer is a crosslinked polyimide, and wherein the proppant comprises at least one other polymer in addition to the crosslinked polyimide.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the at least one other polymer is selected from the group consisting of another crosslinked polyimide, a crosslinked epoxy-based material, a crosslinked furan-based resin, a crosslinked polyacrylate, a crosslinked vinyl polymer, a polyaryl ether sulfone, and combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the crosslinked polyimide comprises a repeating group having the structure:
wherein:
at each occurrence, R 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of a bond and —C(O)—,
at each occurrence, R 2 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted (C 1 -C 20 )hydrocarbyl interrupted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, and substituted or unsubstituted —NH—.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the crosslinked polyimide has the structure A-P 1 —R 2 -A, wherein P 1 has the structure:
wherein
at each occurrence, A is selected from the group consisting of:
at each occurrence, C is independently selected from the group consisting of —NH 2 , -A, and —P 1 —R 2 -A,
at each occurrence, D is independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —O—, —NH—, —C(O)— 0 —, and —C(O)—NH—,
at each occurrence, L is independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, a substituted or unsubstituted (C 1 -C 20 )hydrocarbylene interrupted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, and substituted or unsubstituted —NH—,
at each occurrence, R 3 is independently a trivalent substituted or unsubstituted (C 1 -C 20 )hydrocarbyl interrupted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, and substituted or unsubstituted —NH—, and at each occurrence, n is independently 2 to about 100,000,000.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein at each occurrence, C is independently selected from the group consisting if -A and P 1 —R 2 -A.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein L is selected from the group consisting of -phenylene-, and -phenylene-O-phenylene-, and wherein each phenyl is independently substituted or unsubstituted.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
L is selected from the group consisting of:
D is —O—, and
R 3 is trivalent phenyl substituted at the 1, 3, and 5-positions by the -D-L-C.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
L is selected from the group consisting of:
D is —C(O)—NH—, wherein the C(O) of the —C(O)—NH— is closer to R 3 than the —NH— of the —C(O)—NH—, and
R 3 is trivalent phenyl substituted at the 1, 3, and 5-positions by the -D-L-C.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinked polymer is a crosslinked polyimide having the structure A-P 1 —R 2 -A, wherein P 1 has the structure:
wherein:
at each occurrence, A is selected from the group consisting of:
at each occurrence, C is independently selected from the group consisting of—NH 2 , -A, and —P 1 —R 2 -A,
R 1 is selected from the group consisting of a bond and —C(O)—,
R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
D is —O—,
L is selected from the group consisting of:
R 3 is trivalent phenyl substituted at the 1, 3, and 5-positions by the -D-L-C, and
at each occurrence, n is independently 2 to about 100,000,000.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinked polyimide has the structure A-P 1 —R 2 -A, wherein P 1 has the structure:
wherein:
at each occurrence, A is selected from the group consisting of:
at each occurrence, C is independently selected from the group consisting of —NH 2 , -A, and -P 1 —R 2 -A,
R 1 is a bond,
R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
D is —C(O)—NH—, wherein the C(O) of the —C(O)—NH— is closer to R 3 than the —NH— of the —C(O)—NH—,
at each occurrence, L is independently selected from the group consisting of:
R 3 is trivalent phenyl substituted at the 1, 3, and 5-positions by the -D-L-C, and
at each occurrence, n is independently 2 to about 100,000,000.
18. A system for performing the method of claim 1 , the system comprising:
a tubular disposed in the subterranean formation; and
a pump configured to pump the composition in the subterranean formation through the tubular.
19. A method of treating a subterranean formation, comprising:
placing in secondary fractures in the subterranean formation a proppant having a particle size less than or equal to 100 microns and comprising a crosslinked polyimide having the structure A-P 1 —R 2 -A, wherein P 1 has the structure:
wherein:
at each occurrence, A is selected from the group consisting of:
at each occurrence, R 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of a bond and —C(O)—,
at each occurrence, R 2 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted (C 1 -C 20 )hydrocarbyl interrupted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, and substituted or unsubstituted —NH—,
at each occurrence, C is independently selected from the group consisting of —NH 2 , -A, and -P 1 —R 2 -A,
at each occurrence, D is independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —O—, —NH—, —C(O)—O—, and —C(O)—NH—,
at each occurrence, L is independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, a substituted or unsubstituted (C 1 -C 20 )hydrocarbylene interrupted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, and substituted or unsubstituted —NH—,
at each occurrence, R 3 is independently a trivalent substituted or unsubstituted (C 1 -C 20 )hydrocarbyl interrupted by 0, 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, and substituted or unsubstituted —NH—, and at each occurrence, n is independently 2 to about 100,000,000.
20. A method of treating a subterranean formation, comprising:
placing in secondary fractures in the subterranean formation a proppant having a particle size less than or equal to 100 microns and comprising a crosslinked polyimide having the structure A-P 1 —R 2 -A, wherein P 1 has the structure:
wherein:
at each occurrence, A is selected from the group consisting of:
R 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of a bond and —C(O)—,
R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
at each occurrence, C is independently selected from the group consisting of —NH 2 , -A, and -P 1 —R 2 -A,
D is independently selected from the group consisting of —O— and —C(O)—NH—,
at each occurrence, L is independently selected from the group consisting of:
R 3 is trivalent phenyl substituted at the 1, 3, and 5-positions by the -D-L-C, and
at each occurrence, n is independently 2 to about 100,000,000.