Multi-stage activated carbon systems and processes with recycled streams
There are provided herein methods and systems for increasing efficiency in a multi-stage activated carbon system. The methods and systems provide a cleaned carbon solids fraction and a waste liquor from wet air regeneration, and direct the same to a second stage and a first stage, respectively, of the multi-stage activated carbon system to enhance removal efficiency therein.
1. A method for treating wastewater comprising:
treating an amount of wastewater in a powdered activated carbon treatment (PACT) system comprising a first stage and at least a second stage, each stage comprising an amount of powdered activated carbon therein, wherein the treating removes at least one contaminant from the wastewater and produces a spent carbon material;
directing an amount of the spent carbon material to a wet air regeneration system (WAR) for regeneration of the spent carbon material;
separating an effluent from the WAR system into a cleaned carbon solids fraction and a waste liquor;
directing the cleaned carbon solids fraction to the second stage; and
directing the waste liquor to the first stage for use in treating additional wastewater in the first stage, thereby relieving the second stage from gross pollutant removal and allowing the second stage to serve as a polishing step to remove first stage effluent contaminants.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separating of the effluent further comprises washing the cleaned carbon solids fraction with an amount of an aqueous wash solution.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the separating of the effluent from the WAR system is done by vacuum filtration of the effluent to provide the cleaned carbon solids fraction and the waste liquor.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the separating is done by repeated decanting and redilution of the effluent to provide the cleaned carbon solids fraction and the waste liquor.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding water to the cleaned carbon solids fraction to bring the cleaned carbon solids fraction to a slurry.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cleaned carbon solids fraction comprises a solids content of from about 3 percent to about 45 percent by weight.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first stage and the second stage each comprise an amount of powdered activated material and biological material.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising directing carbon material comprising the cleaned carbon solids fraction from the second stage to the first stage.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the waste liquor or the effluent to a process for treatment of nitrogen-containing contaminants in the waste liquor or the effluent.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the effluent or cleaned carbon solids fraction to a process separating an amount of ash from regenerated carbon in the effluent or cleaned carbon solids fraction.
11. A system for treating wastewater comprising:
a powdered activated carbon treatment (PACT) system comprising a first stage and at least a second stage, each stage comprising an amount of powdered activated carbon therein, the PACT system configured to treat an amount of wastewater in the stages to remove at least one contaminant from the wastewater and produce a spent carbon material;
a wet air regeneration (WAR) system in fluid communication with the PACT system and configured to regenerate the spent carbon material; and
a separation station in fluid communication with the WAR system configured to separate an effluent from the WAR system into a cleaned carbon solids fraction and a waste liquor;
wherein the separation station is in fluid communication with an inlet of the second stage and is configured to direct the cleaned carbon solids fraction to the second stage to treat additional wastewater in the second stage; and
wherein the separation station is further in fluid communication with an inlet of the first stage and is configured to direct the waste liquor to the first stage to treat additional wastewater therein.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the separation station comprises at least one of a solid/liquid hydrocyclone, a centrifuge, a recessed plate filter press, a gravity thickener, an elutriator, or a vacuum filtration apparatus.
13. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the cleaned carbon solids fraction comprises a solids content of from about 3 percent to about 45 percent by weight.
14. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein each the first stage and the second stage comprises an amount of powdered activated material and biological material.