Inductively transferring electric energy to a vehicle using consecutive segments which are operated at the same time
The invention relates to an arrangement ( 11, 21, 41 ) for transferring electric energy to a vehicle, in particular to a track bound vehicle such as a light rail vehicle ( 81 ) or to a road automobile, wherein—the arrangement ( 11, 21, 41 ) comprises an electric conductor arrangement ( 41 ) for producing an alternating electromagnetic field and for thereby transferring the energy, —the conductor arrangement ( 41 ) comprises a plurality of consecutive segments (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 ), wherein the segments (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 ) extend in the direction of travel of the vehicle, —each of the consecutive segments (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 ) comprises at least one alternating current line ( 44 a, 44 b, 44 c ) for carrying a phase of an alternating current in order to produce the alternating electromagnetic field, —each of the consecutive segments (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 ) is combined with an assigned controller (CTR 1; 31 ) adapted to control the operation of the segment (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 ) independently of the other segments (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 ), —at least two neighbouring segments ( 41 a, 41 b ) of the consecutive segments (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 ) are inductively coupled to each other so that a first segment ( 41 b ) of the neighbouring segments ( 41 a, 41 b ), while the first segment ( 41 b ) is operated under control of its assigned controller (CTR 1; 31 ), induces a voltage and thereby produces an induced alternating electric current in a second segment ( 41 a ) of the neighbouring segments ( 41 a, 41 b ), if the second segment ( 41 a ) is not operated under control of its assigned controller (CTR 1; 31 ), —the arrangement ( 11, 21, 41 ) comprises a controllable coupling (S 1 ) for coupling the second segment ( 41 a ) to a load (RL; F 1 , S 1; 105 ), which controllable coupling (S 1 ) has a first operating state in which the second segment ( 41 a ) is coupled to the load (RL; F 1 , S 1; 105 ) so that any alternating electric current in the second segment ( 41 a ) is damped by the load (RL; F 1 , S 1; 105 ), and has a second operating state in which the second segment ( 41 a ) is not coupled to the load (RL; F 1 , S 1; 105 ) so that any alternating electric current in the second segment ( 41 a ) is not damped by the load (F 1 , S 1; 105 ), —the arrangement ( 11, 21, 41 ) is adapted to switch the controllable coupling (S 1 ) to the first operating state before, while and/or after a time interval starts in which the second segment ( 41 a ) is not operated under control of its assigned controller (CTR 1; 31 ) and in which the first segment ( 41 b ) is operated under control of its assigned controller (CTR 1; 31 ) so that the induced alternating electric current in the second segment ( 41 a ), which is produced by operation of the first segment ( 41 b ), is damped by the load (F 1 , S 1; 105 ).
1. An arrangement for transferring electric energy to a vehicle, wherein
the arrangement comprises an electric conductor arrangement for producing an alternating electromagnetic field and for thereby transferring the energy to the vehicle,
the conductor arrangement comprises a plurality of consecutive segments, wherein the segments extend in the direction of travel of the vehicle, which is defined by the track or a path of travel,
each of the consecutive segments comprises at least one alternating current line for carrying a phase of an alternating current in order to produce the alternating electromagnetic field,
each of the consecutive segments is combined with an assigned controller adapted to operate the segment independently of the other segments,
at least two neighbouring segments of the consecutive segments are inductively coupled to each other so that a first segment of the neighbouring segments, while the first segment is operated under control of its assigned controller, induces a voltage and thereby produces an induced alternating electric current in a second segment of the neighbouring segments, if the second segment is not operated under control of its assigned controller,
the arrangement comprises a controllable coupling for coupling the second segment to a load,
the controllable coupling has a first operating state in which the second segment is coupled to the load so that any alternating electric current in the second segment is damped by the load, and has a second operating state in which the second segment is not coupled to the load so that any alternating electric current in the second segment is not damped by the load,
the arrangement is adapted to switch the controllable coupling to the first operating state wherein the second segment is coupled to the load is before, while and/or after a time interval starts in which time interval the second segment is not operated under control of its assigned controller and in which time interval the first segment is operated under control of its assigned controller so that the alternating electric current induced in the second segment by operation of the first segment is damped by the load.
2. The arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the first segment and the second segment partially overlap each other if viewed from a surface of the track or path of travel on which the vehicle may travel.
3. The arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the controllable coupling comprises at least one controllable switch and the arrangement comprises a controller adapted to control the at least one controllable switch.
4. The arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the load comprises a resistance which damps the induced alternating electric current in the second segment, which is produced by operation of the first segment.
5. The arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the load comprises a fuse through which the induced alternating electric current in the second segment flows, wherein the fuse is combined with a monitoring unit for monitoring an operating state of the fuse and for indicating an open state of the fuse, in which an electric current through the fuse is blocked, and wherein the arrangement comprises a control connected to the monitoring unit, the control being adapted to prevent operation of the first segment if the fuse of the load, which is coupled to the second segment, is in the open state.
6. The arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the load comprises a current converter, which couples the second segment to a supply line for supplying energy to the first segment during operation of the first segment.
7. The arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the load is coupled to the second segment in the first operating state of the controllable coupling via a rectifier adapted to rectify the induced alternating electric current in the second segment to a direct current flowing through the load.
8. The arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is a track bound vehicle.
9. The arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is a rail vehicle.
10. The arrangement of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is a road automobile.
11. A method of operating an arrangement for transferring electric energy to a vehicle, wherein
an electric conductor arrangement is operated for producing an alternating electromagnetic field and for thereby transferring the energy to the vehicle,
a plurality of consecutive segments of the conductor arrangement is operated, wherein the segments extend in the direction of travel of the vehicle, which is defined by the track or path of travel,
for each of the consecutive segments, an assigned controller is operated to operate the segment independently of the other segments,
an alternating current flows through an alternating current line or through alternating current lines of any of the consecutive segments while the segment is operated under control of its assigned controller,
due to an inductive coupling of at least two neighbouring segments of the consecutive segments and while a first segment of the neighbouring segments is operated under control of its assigned controller, a voltage is induced in a second segment of the neighbouring segments and thereby an induced alternating electric current is produced in the second segment,
a controllable coupling for coupling the second segment to a load is controlled to be either in a first operating state in which the second segment is coupled to the load so that any alternating electric current in the second segment is damped by the load, or in a second operating state in which the second segment is not coupled to the load so that any alternating electric current in the second segment is not damped by the load,
the controllable coupling is switched to the first operating state wherein the second segment is coupled to the load before, while and/or after a time interval starts in which time interval the second segment is not operated under control of its assigned controller and in which time interval the first segment is operated under control of its assigned controller so that the alternating electric current induced in the second segment by operation of the first segment is damped by the load.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first segment and the second segment partially overlap each other if viewed from a surface of the track on which the vehicle may travel.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein a controller controls at least one controllable switch of the controllable coupling in order to switch the controllable coupling from the first operating state to the second operating state and vice versa.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein a resistance of the load damps the induced alternating electric current in the second segment, which is produced by operation of the first segment, in the first operating state of the controllable coupling.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the induced alternating electric current in the second segment flows through a fuse of the load, wherein an operating state of the fuse is monitored and an open state of the fuse, in which an electric current through the fuse is blocked, is indicated to a control that prevents operation of the first segment if the fuse of the load, which is coupled to the second segment, is in the open state.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein a current converter of the load couples the second segment, while the induced alternating electric current flows in the second segment, to a supply line for supplying energy to the first segment during operation of the first segment.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the load is coupled to the second segment in the first operating state of the controllable coupling via a rectifier which rectifies the induced alternating electric current in the second segment to a direct current flowing through the load.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the vehicle is a track bound vehicle.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the vehicle is a rail vehicle.
20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the vehicle is a road automobile.