Gas sensor with a gas permeable region
A gas sensor with a gas permeable region is disclosed. In an embodiment a gas sensor includes a dielectric membrane formed on a semiconductor substrate having a cavity portion, a heater located within or over the dielectric membrane, a material for sensing a gas, wherein the material is located on one side of the dielectric membrane, a support structure located near the material, a gas permeable membrane coupled to the support structure so as to protect the material, wherein the semiconductor substrate forms the support structure.
1. A gas sensing device comprising:
a dielectric membrane formed on a semiconductor substrate comprising a bulketched cavity portion;
a heater located within or over the dielectric membrane;
a material configured to sense a gas, wherein the material is located on one side of the dielectric membrane;
a support structure located near the material; and
a gas permeable membrane coupled to the support structure so as to protect the material,
wherein the semiconductor substrate forms the support structure,
wherein the side on which the gas sensing material is located is the same side where the support structure is located or where the gas permeable membrane is coupled to the semiconductor substrate.
2. The device according claim 1 , wherein the support structure surrounds the material.
3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the material is located on a second side of the device, the second side being the same side where the semiconductor substrate is located.
4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric membrane is supported along its entire perimeter by the semiconductor substrate.
5. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the gas permeable membrane is a polymer film, optionally wherein the polymer film is gore-tex, or wherein the gas permeable membrane comprises a film of metal, dielectric or semiconductor with several holes, and/or wherein the support structure is formed on a top-side or back-side of a chip in which the device is included.
6. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising an electrode underneath the gas sensing material, optionally wherein the electrode is configured to measure resistance and/or capacitance of the gas sensing material.
7. The device according to claim 6 , wherein the gas sensing material comprises a metal oxide material or a combination of metal oxides, optionally wherein the gas sensing material comprises a metal oxide material selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, tungsten oxide, zinc oxide, and chromium oxide, or wherein the gas sensing material comprises a combination of the metal oxides.
8. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the material is a catalytic material, or wherein the material is a gate electrode, or is electrically connected to a gate electrode of a field effect transistor (FET).
9. The device according to claim 1 , wherein either the dielectric membrane is formed using an etching technique for back-etching the semiconductor substrate, the etching technique being selected from the group consisting of deep reactive ion etching (DRIE), anisotropic or crystallographic wet etching, potassium hydroxide (KOH) and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH), or wherein the dielectric membrane is formed by a front side etch of the semiconductor substrate.
10. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric membrane comprises:
a membrane cavity comprising vertical side walls or sloping side walls or a cavity formed by a front side etch that does not extend all the way through the semiconductor substrate;
one or more dielectric layers comprising silicon dioxide and/or silicon nitride; and
one or more layers of spin on glass, and a passivation layer over the one or more dielectric layers,
optionally wherein the material for sensing the gas is formed on the passivation layer of the dielectric membrane or in the membrane cavity of the device.
11. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the heater is a resistive heater comprising a CMOS usable material comprising aluminium, copper, titanium, molybdenum, polysilicon, single crystal silicon tungsten, or titanium nitride.
12. The device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the device is a CMOS based micro-hotplate in which the heater comprises a CMOS interconnect metal, and the dielectric membrane comprises CMOS dielectric layers, and/or
wherein the semiconductor substrate is a bulk silicon substrate or a SOI substrate, and/or
wherein the device is packaged in a flip chip on a printed circuit board (PCB), and/or
wherein the device comprises through silicon vias (TSVs), and/or
wherein the support structure covers the dielectric membrane, leaving a bond pad area open to allow wire bonding.
13. An array comprising:
a plurality of the gas sensing devices according to claim 1 ,
wherein the array of the plurality of the gas sensing devices is arranged on the same chip,
optionally wherein either:
each of the plurality of the gas sensing devices comprises a separate gas permeable membrane and a distance between the separate gas permeable membrane and the material for sensing is between about 150 μm and about 200 μm, or
the plurality of the gas sensing devices comprises a common gas permeable membrane and a distance between the common gas permeable membrane and the material for sensing in each of the plurality of the gas sensing device is between about 150 μm and about 200 μm.
14. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the gas permeable membrane is coupled to the support structure such that the gas permeable membrane and the support structure form a cavity so as to protect the material.
15. The device according to claim 3 ,
wherein the material is formed in the bulketched cavity portion of the device, and/or
wherein the gas permeable membrane is coupled with the semiconductor substrate supporting the dielectric membrane.
16. A gas sensing device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate comprising a bulketched cavity portion;
a dielectric membrane formed on a first side of the semiconductor substrate;
a heater located within or over the dielectric membrane;
a gas permeable membrane coupled to a second side of the semiconductor substrate; and
a material configured to sense a gas located on a side of the dielectric membrane,
wherein the gas permeable membrane is configured to protect the material.
17. A gas sensing device comprising:
a dielectric membrane formed on a semiconductor substrate comprising a bulk-etched cavity portion;
a heater located within or over the dielectric membrane;
a material configured to sense a gas, wherein the material is located on one side of the dielectric membrane;
a support structure located near the material; and
a gas permeable membrane coupled to the support structure so as to protect the material,
wherein the semiconductor substrate forms the support structure, and
wherein the material is formed in the bulk-etched cavity portion of the device and/or the gas permeable membrane is covered with a semiconductor substrate supporting the dielectric membrane.