Method for producing acrylate rubber at reduced emulsifier concentration
Method for producing a thermoplastic moulding compound containing: up to 40 wt. % of a graft copolymer A, containing 50-70 wt. % graft base A1 from an acrylic ester polymer and 30-50 wt. % of a graft shell A2, and 0-90 wt. % of a hard matrix B, wherein the reaction for producing the graft copolymer A is carried out in the presence of 0.01 to 4 times the molar amount of sodium carbonate, relative to the molar amount of initiator, wherein the reaction for producing copolymer A is carried out in the presence of 0.1 to 1 wt. % of an emulsifier relative to the amount of the respective monomers used, and wherein during the polymerisation reaction, during the post-polymerisation and/or after the polymerisation reaction, water or an aqueous alkali solution are added to the reaction mixture for producing the graft copolymer A.
1. A process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound comprising:
(a) providing
10% to 40% by weight of at least one graft copolymer A comprising:
50% to 70% by weight, based on A, of a graft base A1 made of an elastomeric, crosslinked acrylate polymer, and
30% to 50% by weight, based on A, of a graft shell A2 made of a vinylaromatic monomer and of a polar, copolymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomer, in a ratio by weight of 80:20 to 65:35,
50% to 90% by weight of a hard matrix B made of one or more copolymers of styrene, α-methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate and/or phenylmaleimide,
0% to 40% by weight of at least one further graft copolymer C which differs from the graft copolymer A and which has a weight average particle diameter in the range from 200 to 800 nm, comprising:
50% to 80% by weight, based on C, of an elastomeric crosslinked acrylate polymer C1 which differs from A1,
2.5% to 25% by weight, based on C, of a first graft shell C2 made of a vinylaromatic monomer and of 10% to 45% by weight, based on C, of a second graft shell C3 made of a mixture of a vinylaromatic monomer C31 and of a polar, copolymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomer C32 in a weight ratio of C31 to C32 of 90:10 to 60:40; and
0% to 15% by weight of one or more additives D, and then
(b) blending the graft copolymer A, the hard matrix B and optionally the graft copolymer C and/or the additives,
wherein the sum total of A and B, and optionally C and D, is 100% by weight, and
wherein the graft copolymer A, the hard matrix B and the optional graft copolymer C are produced by polymerization reactions,
wherein the polymerization reactions for producing the graft copolymer A, the graft base A1, and the graft shell A2, and the polymerization reactions for producing the optional graft copolymer C, the elastomeric crosslinked acrylate polymer C1, the first graft shell C2, and the second graft shell C3, are emulsion polymerization reactions,
wherein the reaction for production of the graft copolymer A and the reaction for production of the graft copolymer C is conducted in the presence of 0.01 to 4 times the molar amount of sodium carbonate, based on the total molar amount of initiator used in the production of the graft base and graft shell; and
wherein the reaction for production of the graft copolymer A and the reaction for production of the graft copolymer C is conducted in the presence of 0.1% to 1% by weight of an emulsifier based on the amount of the monomers used in each case; and
wherein water or an aqueous alkaline solution is added to the reaction mixture for production of the graft copolymer A and the graft copolymer C during the polymerization reaction, during a postpolymerization and/or after the polymerization reaction.
2. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein water or an aqueous alkaline solution is added after the addition of monomer has ended.
3. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a product of the polymerization reaction for the production of the graft base A1 and the elastomeric crosslinked acrylate polymer C1 is obtained as an polymer latex L(A1) and L(C1), respectively, and wherein water or an aqueous alkaline solution is added in an amount of 1% to 50% by weight, based on the polymer latex L(A1) or L(C1) obtained from the emulsion polymerization reaction before the next step of the production process is conducted.
4. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the aqueous alkaline solution is an aqueous solution of inorganic carbonates, hydrogencarbonates or hydroxides, and mixtures thereof.
5. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the aqueous alkaline solution is an aqueous solution of Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , NaOH and/or KOH having a concentration of 0.01% to 1% by weight.
6. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the emulsifier used is a secondary alkylsulfonate.
7. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the graft base A1 is composed of 55% to 65% by weight, based on A, of acrylate polymer particles having a weight average particle size of 50 to 120 nm and the graft shell A2 is composed of 35% to 45% by weight, based on A, of styrene and acrylonitrile.
8. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the particle size distribution factor Q of the graft base A1 is 0.01 to 0.5.
9. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the weight average particle size of the particles of component A after the graft reaction is in the range from 70 to 150 nm.
10. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the sodium carbonate is used in the production of the graft copolymers A and/or C in an amount of 0.01 to 2.5 mol based on the sum total of the molar amounts of the amount of initiator used in the graft base and graft shell.
11. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the molding compound comprises 1% to 40% by weight of at least one graft copolymer C which differs from the graft copolymer A.
12. A process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound comprising:
(a) providing
50% to 90% by weight of a hard matrix B made of one or more copolymers of styrene, α-methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate and/or phenylmaleimide,
10% to 50% by weight of at least one graft copolymer C with a weight average particle size in the range from 200 to 800 nm, comprising:
50% to 80% by weight, based on C, of an elastomeric crosslinked acrylate polymer C1,
2.5% to 25% by weight, based on C, of a first graft shell C2 made of a vinylaromatic monomer and of 10% to 45% by weight, based on C, of a second graft shell C3 made of a mixture of a vinylaromatic monomer C31 and of a polar, copolymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomer C32, where the ratio by weight of C31 to C32 is 90:10 to 60:40; and
0% to 15% by weight of one or more additives D, and then
(b) blending the hard matrix B and the graft copolymer C and/or the additives,
wherein the sum total of B and C, and optionally D, is 100% by weight, and
wherein the hard matrix B and the graft copolymer C are produced by polymerization reactions, wherein the polymerization reactions for producing the graft copolymer C, the elastomeric crosslinked acrylate polymer C1, the first graft shell C2, and the second graft shell C3, are emulsion polymerization reactions,
wherein the reaction for production of the graft copolymer C is conducted in the presence of 0.01 to 4 times the molar amount of sodium carbonate, based on the total molar amount of initiator used in the production of the graft base and graft shell; and
wherein the reaction for production of the graft copolymer C is conducted in the presence of 0.1%-1% by weight of an emulsifier based on the amount of the monomers used in each case; and
wherein water or an aqueous alkaline solution is added to the reaction mixture for production of the graft copolymer C during the polymerization reaction, during a postpolymerization and/or after the polymerization reaction.
13. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 12 , where the coagulate formation of the graft shell of component C is in a range from 0.01% to 0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the graft copolymer C.
14. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the initiator used in the production of the graft base and graft shell is PPS.
15. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reaction for production of the graft copolymer A and the reaction for production of the graft copolymer C is conducted in the presence of an alkali metal alkyl sulfonate as emulsifier.
16. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the particle size distribution factor Q of the graft base A1 is 0.1 to 0.4.
17. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the sodium carbonate is used in the production of the graft copolymers A and/or C in an amount of 0.1 to 2.5 mol, based on the sum total of the molar amounts of the amount of initiator used in the graft base and graft shell.
18. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 12 , where 0.1% to 5% by weight of one or more additives D is added.
19. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the initiator used in the production of the graft base and graft shell is PPS.
20. The process for producing a thermoplastic molding compound as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the reaction for production of the graft copolymer A and the reaction for production of the graft copolymer C is conducted in the presence of an alkali metal alkyl sulfonate as emulsifier.