Electrolytic production of halogen based disinfectant solutions from halide containing waters and uses thereof
Disclosed in the present invention are methods and apparatuses for the electrochemical conversion of halide ion containing brines into halogen based disinfection solutions while the impact of scale formation on electrochemical system operations. This is accomplished by controllably modifying the brine with one or more of halide ions, a halogen stabilization compound, an acid component, or a buffering component. These chemical modifications of the brine allow for the production of stabilized 10 halogen solutions, which can then be used as disinfectants. The present invention is especially useful in the production of halogen-based biocides from flowback or produced waters resulting from oil and gas production, but can be applied to any halide ion containing water stream, including reject water from reverse osmosis filtration processes or ocean water, that contains ammonia.
1. A method for producing a microbiocidally active solution, the method comprising:
adding a halogen stabilizing compound and optionally an acid to a brine containing (a) a chloride and (b) ammonia or an ammonium ion containing compound so as to give rise to a stabilized brine having an acidic pH; and
electrolyzing the stabilized brine in an electrolytic cell, thereby producing a microbiocidally active solution comprising monochloramine and/or a stabilized halogen compound but that does not comprise trichloramine in a concentration above an odor detection threshold, and
wherein the pH of the microbiocidally active solution is acidic, and wherein the halogen stabilizing compound is present in the stabilized brine at a molar excess of from about 5 to about 12.3 relative to the ammonia or the ammonium ion containing compound.
2. A method for producing a microbiocidally active solution, the method comprising:
adding a halogen stabilizing compound and optionally an acid to a brine containing (a) a chloride and (b) ammonia or an ammonium ion containing compound so as to give rise to the brine having a pH of between 6 and 8; and
electrolyzing the brine in an electrolytic cell, thereby producing a microbiocidally active solution comprising monochloramine and/or a stabilized halogen compound but that does not comprise trichloramine in a concentration above an odor detection threshold, and
wherein the pH of the microbiocidally active solution is greater than 10, and wherein the halogen stabilizing compound is added such that the halogen stabilizing compound is present at a molar excess of from about 5 to about 12.3 relative to the ammonia or the ammonium ion containing compound.