Negative electrode for secondary battery
Provided herein are a negative electrode and a secondary battery including the same. In particular, the negative electrode includes: a current collector; a first active material layer including first active material particles and disposed on the current collector; and a second active material layer including second active material particles and disposed on the first active material layer, in which a lithium ion diffusion rate of the second active material particles is two to three times that of the first active material particles.
1. A negative electrode comprising:
a current collector;
a first active material layer comprising first active material particles and disposed on the current collector; and
a second active material layer comprising second active material particles and disposed on the first active material layer,
wherein a lithium ion diffusion rate of the second active material particles is two to three times a lithium ion diffusion rate of the first active material particles,
the first active material particles comprise natural graphite, and the second active material particles comprise artificial graphite,
the artificial graphite has an orientation index of 12 to 14,
the first active material layer further comprises a first binder and a conductive material, and the second active material layer further comprises a second binder and the conductive material,
the second binder comprises a copolymer of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR),
a content of the second active material particles ranges from 30% to 90% with respect to a total content of the first and second active material particles, and
the lithium ion diffusion rate of the first active material particles is in a range of 5.0×10 −9 cm 2 /s to 7.0×10 −9 cm 2 /s, and the lithium ion diffusion rate of the second active material particles is in a range of 1.0×10 −8 cm 2 /s to 2.0×10 −8 cm 2 /s,
wherein the orientation index is an area ratio of (004)/(110) obtained by measuring planes (110) and (004) of the artificial graphite by XRD and then integrating an intensity of a peak for the (110) plane and an intensity of a peak for the (004) plane.
2. The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the first binder and the second binder are different from each other.
3. The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the first binder comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).
4. The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the second binder comprises a copolymer of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF).
5. The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the second binder comprises a copolymer of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
6. The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the second binder comprises a copolymer of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).
7. The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material comprises a conductive tube, a metal powder, a conductive whisker, a conductive metal oxide, or a polyphenylene derivative.
8. The negative electrode of claim 7 , wherein conductive tube comprises carbon nanotubes.
9. The negative electrode of claim 7 , wherein metal powder comprises a fluorocarbon metal powder, an aluminum powder, or a nickel powder.
10. The negative electrode of claim 7 , wherein the conductive whisker comprises zinc oxide or potassium titanate.
11. A secondary battery comprising the negative electrode of claim 1 , a positive electrode, a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
12. A battery module comprising the secondary battery of claim 11 as a unit cell.
13. A battery pack comprising the battery module of claim 12 and used as a power source of a device.
14. The battery pack of claim 13 , wherein the device is an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or a power storage device.
15. A negative electrode comprising:
a current collector;
a first active material layer comprising first active material particles and disposed on the current collector; and
a second active material layer comprising second active material particles and disposed on the first active material layer,
wherein a lithium ion diffusion rate of the second active material particles is two to three times a lithium ion diffusion rate of the first active material particles,
the first active material particles comprise natural graphite, and the second active material particles comprise artificial graphite,
the artificial graphite has an orientation index of 12 to 14, and
the lithium ion diffusion rate of the first active material particles is in a range of 5.0×10 −9 cm 2 /s to 7.0×10 −9 cm 2 /s, and the lithium ion diffusion rate of the second active material particles is in a range of 1.0×10 −8 cm 2 /s to 2.0×10 −8 cm 2 /s,
wherein the orientation index is an area ratio of (004)/(110) obtained by measuring planes (110) and (004) of the artificial graphite by XRD and then integrating an intensity of a peak for the (110) plane and an intensity of a peak for the (004) plane.