Opaline flux-calcined diatomite products
A diatomite product and method of using such is disclosed. The diatomite product may comprise sodium flux-calcined diatomite, wherein the diatomite product has a crystalline silica content of less than about 1 wt %, and the diatomite product has a permeability between 0.8 darcy and about 30 darcy. In some embodiments, the diatomite product may be in particulate or powdered form. This disclosure also concerns flux-calcined silica products containing low or non-detectable levels of crystalline silica. Some of these products can be further characterized by high permeabilities and a measurable content of opal-C, a hydrated form of silicon dioxide.
1. A diatomite product comprising:
sodium flux-calcined diatomite,
wherein the diatomite product has a crystalline silica content of less than about 1 wt% of the diatomite product,
wherein the diatomite product has a permeability between 0.8 darcy and about 30 darcy,
wherein the diatomite product has an opal-C content of more than about 1 wt% of the diatomite product, wherein the diatomite product has more than about 4 wt% combined total of aluminum and iron in mineral form or more than about 7 wt% expressed as oxides, and
wherein the diatomite product has
a soluble calcium content between about 21 ppm and 900 ppm, as measured by the European Brewery Convention (EBC) method,
between about 23 ppm and 45 ppm of a soluble iron, as measured buy the EBC method, and
between about 4 ppm and about 14 ppm, 14 ppm of a beer soluble iron, as measured by the American Society of Brewing Chemists (ASBC) method.
2. The diatomite product of claim 1 , wherein the diatomite product has the permeability between 0.9 darcy and 30 darcy.
3. The diatomite product of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline silica content is less than about 0.1 wt % of the diatomite product.
4. The diatomite product of claim 1 , wherein the diatomite product has a biogenic silica content of at least 80 wt %.
5. The diatomite product of claim 1 , wherein the diatomite product has the permeability between about 1.5 darcy and about 9 darcy.
6. The diatomite product of claim 1 , wherein the diatomite product has the opal-C content of more than about 10 wt % of the diatomite product.
7. The diatomite product of claim 1 , wherein the diatomite product is a particulate product.
8. The diatomite product of claim 1 , wherein the diatomite product is a regenerated filtration medium that has been used previously one or more times as a filtration medium and has been regenerated by either a chemical or thermal process, the regenerated filtration medium adapted for re-use in filtration processes for at least one of food, beverages, chemicals, fuels, materials, water and biopharmaceuticals.
9. The diatomite product of claim 1 , wherein the diatomite product has a cristobalite content of less than about 1 wt% as determined by a method that differentiates between cristobalite and opal-C.
10. The diatomite product of claim 9 , wherein the method that differentiates between cristobalite and opal-C is an LH method.
11. The diatomite product of claim 1 , wherein the sodium flux-calcined diatomite includes soda ash flux-calcined diatomite.
12. A method of manufacturing a diatomite product, the method comprising:
selecting a diatomite ore that includes more than about 2.6 wt% aluminum in mineral form or more than about 5 wt% as aluminum oxide, and
calcining the diatomite ore with a sodium flux to manufacture the diatomite product,
wherein the diatomite product manufactured comprises sodium flux-calcined diatomite that has a crystalline silica content of less than about 1 wt%, an opal-C content of more than about 1 wt%, a permeability between 0.8 darcy and about 30 darcy, more than about 4 wt% combined total of aluminum and iron in mineral form or more than about 7 wt% expressed as oxides, and further wherein the diatomite product manufactured comprises a soluble calcium content between about 21 ppm and 900 ppm, as measured by the European Brewery Convention (EBC) method, between about 23 ppm and 45 ppm of a soluble iron, as measured by the EBC method, and between about 4 ppm and about 14 ppm, 14 ppm of a beer soluble iron, as measured by the American Society of Brewing Chemists (ASBC) method.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the sodium flux includes soda ash.