Water gas shift process
A process is described for increasing the hydrogen content of a synthesis gas mixture comprising hydrogen, carbon oxides and steam, comprising the steps of: passing the synthesis gas mixture at an inlet temperature in the range 170-500° C. over a water-gas shift catalyst to form a hydrogen-enriched shifted gas mixture, wherein the water-gas shift catalyst is in the form of a cylindrical pellet having a length C and diameter D, wherein the surface of the cylindrical pellet has two or more flutes running along its length, said cylinder having no through-holes and domed ends of lengths A and B such that (A+B+C)/D is in the range 0.25 to 0.25, and (A+B)/C is in the range 0.03 to 0.30.
1. A process for increasing the hydrogen content of a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, the process comprising the step of passing a synthesis gas mixture comprising the synthesis gas and steam at an inlet temperature in the range of from 300° C. to 500° C. over a high temperature water-gas shift catalyst to form a hydrogen-enriched shifted gas mixture,
wherein the high temperature water-gas shift catalyst is in the form of a cylindrical pellet having a cylindrical portion length C and diameter D, wherein the cylindrical pellet has two or more flutes running along its length, said cylinder having no through-holes and domed ends of lengths A and B such that (A+B+C)/D defines a ratio of overall length:diameter that is in the range 0.25 to 1.25, and (A+B)/C is in the range of from 0.05 to 0.25.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the synthesis gas is derived by catalytic steam reforming, autothermal reforming or secondary reforming a hydrocarbon or gasifying coal, petroleum coke or biomass.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the synthesis gas has a carbon monoxide content in a range of from 3 to 70 mole % on a dry-gas basis.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the volume ratio of the steam:the synthesis gas in the synthesis gas mixture is in a range of from 0.3:1 to 4:1.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the water gas shift catalyst is a high temperature water-gas shift catalyst and the inlet temperature is in a range of from 310° C. to 500° C.
6. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the high temperature water-gas shift catalyst comprises one or more iron oxides stabilized with chromia and/or alumina and optionally zinc oxide and one or more copper compounds.
7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the high temperature water-gas shift catalyst is a chromia-promoted magnetite catalyst containing acicular iron oxide particles.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein (A+B+C)/D is in a range of from 0.50 to 1.00.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein (A+B)/C is in a range of from 0.10 to 0.25.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the cylindrical pellet has 3 to 12, flutes running axially along its length.
11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the flutes are equally spaced about the circumference of the cylindrical pellet.
12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the flutes are semi-circular, elliptical, or U shaped.
13. The process according to claim 12 , wherein there are 3, 4 or 5 flutes present that have a width “d” in the range of 0.1 D to 0.4 D.
14. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the two or more flutes running along the length of the cylindrical pellet have a cumulative flute width that does not exceed 35% of the circumference of the cylindrical pellet.
15. The process according to claim 1 , wherein (A+B+C)/D is in a range of from 0.55 to 0.70.
16. The process according to claim 1 , wherein (A+B+C)/D is in a range of from 0.55 to 0.66.
17. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the cylindrical pellet has 3 to 7 flutes running axially along its length.
18. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the cylindrical pellet has 3 to 5 flutes running axially along its length.