Water gas shift process
A process is described for increasing the hydrogen content of a synthesis gas mixture comprising hydrogen, carbon oxides and steam, comprising the steps of: (i) passing the synthesis gas mixture at an inlet temperature in the range 300-450° C. over a first water-gas shift catalyst disposed in a first shift vessel to form a first shifted gas mixture, and (ii) passing the first shifted gas mixture at an inlet temperature in the range 170-300° C. over a second water gas shift catalyst disposed in a second shift vessel to form a second shifted gas mixture, wherein the second water-gas shift catalyst comprises copper and the first shift vessel contains a sorbent material for capturing halogen contaminants disposed downstream of the first water gas shift catalyst.
1. A process for increasing the hydrogen content of a synthesis gas mixture comprising hydrogen, carbon oxides and steam, the process comprising:
(i) passing the synthesis gas mixture through a first shift vessel having an inlet temperature in the range of 300-450° C., the first vessel comprising a first high temperature water-gas shift catalyst and a sorbent material for capturing halogen contaminants disposed downstream of the first high temperature water gas shift catalyst to form a first shifted gas mixture, and then
(ii) passing the first shifted gas mixture at an inlet temperature in the range of 170-300° C. over a second low temperature water-gas shift catalyst comprising copper disposed in a second shift vessel to form a second shifted gas mixture,
wherein the second shifted gas mixture has a higher hydrogen content than does the synthesis gas mixture.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent material comprises a solid material which is more basic than zinc oxide.
3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the sorbent material comprises a basic compound of any element of Group IA or Group IIA of the Periodic Table, other than beryllium.
4. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the sorbent material comprises a solid material which is more basic than zinc oxide supported on a carrier material.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent material comprises at least one of sodium oxide, sodium carbonate, potassium oxide or potassium carbonate supported on a carrier material that is alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, ceria, magnesia or zinc oxide, or a mixture thereof, or a refractory cement.
6. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the alkali concentration in the sorbent material is in the range of 0.1 to 10.0% by weight calculated as sodium oxide or potassium oxide.
7. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the alkali concentration in the sorbent material is in the range of 0.5 to 5% by weight calculated as sodium oxide or potassium oxide.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the sorbent material is present in two or more different forms to enhance the flow of the first shifted gas through the sorbent material.
9. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the sorbent material is provided in two or more zones.
10. The process according to claim 9 , wherein the zones are provided as layers within the first shift vessel.
11. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the sorbent material is provided as fixed bed of particles comprising one or more horizontal layers above one or more annular layers disposed around a gas collector situated adjacent an outlet from the vessel.
12. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the one or more annular layers comprise either an inert ceramic bed support material, a sorbent material, or an inert ceramic bed support material and a sorbent material.
13. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the sorbent material is provided in 2, 3 or 4 zones.
14. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the high-temperature shift catalyst comprises an iron-containing catalyst.
15. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the water gas shift process is performed adiabatically in the each of the first and second shift vessels.