System for electrochemical detection of molecules of interest

1. A system for electrochemical detection of molecules of interest, said system comprises:

a conductive material providing a regular surface for attaching a nanomaterial;

at least one nanomaterial bearing positive functions, covalently bound to said conductive material;

at least one redox molecule; and

at least one single-stranded oligonucleotide probe targeting a molecule of interest,

said redox molecule being covalently bound to said nanomaterial;

said oligonucleotide probe being covalently bound to said nanomaterial or to the redox molecule; and

the number of positive functions of said nanomaterial being greater than the number of oligonucleotide probes.

2. The electrochemical detection system according to claim 1 , characterized in that said redox molecule is covalently bound to both; to said nanomaterial and to the oligonucleotide probe.

3. The electrochemical detection system according to claim 2 , characterized in that said system comprises:

at least two types of redox molecules, wherein the oxidation-reduction potentials of each redox molecule are different; and

at least two types of single-stranded oligonucleotide probes, each targeting a different molecule of interest, one type of oligonucleotide probes being bound to one single type of redox molecules.

4. An electrochemical method for the detection of at least two types of molecules of interest in a sample, comprising the following steps:

(i) bringing a detection system as defined in claim 3 into contact with a sample capable of containing said molecules of interest; and

(ii) measuring the redox signals specific to said molecules of interest.

5. The electrochemical detection system according to claim 1 , characterized in that said oligonucleotide probe and said redox molecule are respectively covalently bound to said nanomaterial.

6. The electrochemical detection system according to claim 1 , characterized in that said nanomaterial bearing positive functions is selected from the group comprising:

a dendrimer;

metal particles;

magnetic nanoparticles;

hybrid nanomaterials based on chitosan; and

conductive polymers, optionally modified by positive functions.

7. The electrochemical detection system according to claim 6 , wherein the dendrimer is the dendrimer of the poly(amidoamine) type, chosen from second, fourth or sixth generation.

8. The electrochemical detection system according to claim 1 , characterized in that said conductive material is formed from carbon, or a metal.

9. The electrochemical detection system according to claim 8 , wherein said conductive material is formed from carbon which is chosen from carbon nanotubes, glassy carbon, graphite, or graphene.

10. The electrochemical detection system according to claim 1 , characterized in that said redox molecule is selected from the group comprising ferrocene, quinone, methylene blue, metalloporphyrins, or viologen.

11. The electrochemical detection system according to claim 1 , characterized in that the oligonucleotide probes target at least one molecule of interest, said molecule of interest is selected from a DNA molecule, a RNA molecule, a protein or a toxin.

12. A modified support for the preparation of the detection system according to claim 1 , said modified support consisting of:

a conductive material providing a regular surface for attaching a nanomaterial;

a nanomaterial bearing positive functions; and

at least one redox molecule, said nanomaterial being situated between said conductive material and said redox molecule and being covalently bound to the latter two.

13. A kit for the preparation of an electrochemical detection system for electrochemical detection of molecules of interest, the system including:

a conductive material providing a regular surface for attaching a nanomaterial;

at least one nanomaterial bearing positive functions, covalently bound to said conductive material;

at least one redox molecule; and

at least one single-stranded oligonucleotide probe targeting a molecule of interest,

said redox molecule being covalently bound to said nanomaterial;

said oligonucleotide probe being covalently bound to said nanomaterial or to the redox molecule;

the number of positive functions of said nanomaterial being greater than the number of oligonucleotide probes, said kit consisting of:

(i) a modified support as defined in claim 12 , and

(ii) at least one oligonucleotide targeting a molecule of interest.

14. A method for the preparation of an electrochemical detection system for electrochemical detection of molecules of interest, said system including a conductive material providing a regular surface for attaching a nanomaterial;

at least one nanomaterial bearing positive functions, covalently bound to said conductive material;

at least one redox molecule; and

at least one single-stranded oligonucleotide probe targeting a molecule of interest,

said redox molecule being covalently bound to said nanomaterial;

said oligonucleotide probe being covalently bound to said nanomaterial or to the redox molecule;

the number of positive functions of said nanomaterial being greater than the number of oligonucleotide probes, said method comprising:

(i) bringing a modified support as defined in claim 12 into contact with at least one functionalized oligonucleotide targeting a molecule of interest;

(ii) forming covalent bonds between the aforementioned modified support and said functionalized oligonucleotide.

15. An electrochemical method for the detection of at least one type of molecule of interest in a sample, comprising the following steps:

(i) bringing a detection system as defined in claim 1 into contact with a sample capable of containing said molecule of interest; and

(ii) measuring electrochemically the redox signal from the redox molecule upon interaction of said molecule of interest with the single-stranded oligonucleotide probe.

16. The electrochemical detection method according to claim 15 , characterized in that it comprises, in addition to steps (i) and (ii) and after step (ii), the quantitative analysis of said molecule of interest, with reference to a calibration curve.

17. A method for identifying resistance to a medicinal product and monitoring the presence of a medicinal product in the biological fluids during in vitro or in vivo diagnosis of a disease, comprising a step of

bringing into contact an electrochemical detection system as defined in claim 1 and the biological fluids,

detecting said pathogen to identify resistance to a medicinal product or said medicinal product to monitor the presence of a medicinal product in the biological fluids by electrochemical measurement of the redox signal from the redox molecule upon interaction of said pathogen with the single-stranded oligonucleotide probe.

18. A method for detecting the presence of a pathogen or a toxin in an agri-food or pharmaceutical sample or an effluent, comprising a step of

bringing into contact an electrochemical detection system as defined in claim 1 and an agri-food or pharmaceutical sample or an effluent,

detecting said pathogen or said toxin by electrochemical measurement of the redox signal from the redox molecule upon interaction of said pathogen with the single-stranded oligonucleotide probe.