Methods for the preparation of obeticholic acid and derivatives thereof
The present application relates to a method of preparing a bile acid derivative or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt, solvate, or amino acid conjugate thereof, comprising direct alkylation of a carbon atom at the C-6 position of 7 keto lithocholic acid (KLCA) with an alkylating agent and reduction of a keto group at the C-7 position.
1. A method of preparing obeticholic acid (OCA)
or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt, solvate, or amino acid conjugate thereof, comprising:
alkylating the carbon atom at the C-6 position of Compound 1 with an alkylating agent to form Compound 2:
wherein PG is a protecting group, and
reducing the keto group at the C-7 position of Compound 2 to form OCA:
wherein the method is conducted at a temperature above −20° C.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the alkylating agent is selected from alkyl halide, alkyl tosylate, alkyl mesylate, sulfonate ester, alkyl oxonium salt, dialkyl sulfate, dialkyl carbonate, and tetraalkylammonium salt.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the alkylating agent is alkyl halide.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the alkyl halide is ethyl bromide or ethyl iodide.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkylation is conducted in an aprotic solvent selected from tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), acetone, dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile (MeCN), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), toluene, hexane, benzene, 1,4-dioxane, chloroform, dichloromethane (DCM), diethyl ether, and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkylation is conducted in the presence of a deprotonating agent selected from metal C 1 -C 6 alkoxide, metal hydroxide, and metal hydride.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising deprotonating Compound 1 before Compound 1 is alkylated.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising deprotecting Compound 1 after alkylation of the carbon atom at the C-6 position.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising protecting the hydroxyl group at the C-3 position of KLCA to form Compound 1:
wherein PG is a protecting group.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the protecting group is selected from acetyl, benzoyl, benzyl, pivaloyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl ether (MEM), methoxymethyl ether (MOM), ethoxyethyl ether (EE), p-methoxybenzyl ether (PMB), methylthiomethyl ether, triphenylmethyl (trityl, or Tr), dimethoxytrityl (DMT), methoxytrityl (MMT), alkyloxycarbonyl, and silyl ether.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the silyl ether is selected from trimethylsilyl ether (TMS), triethylsilyl ether (TES), triisopropylsilyl ether (TIPS), tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether (TBDMS), and tert-butyldiphenylsilyl ether (TBDPS).
12. The method of claim 9 further comprising protecting the carboxylic group at the C-24 position, wherein the protecting group of the hydroxyl group at the C-3 position is not tetrahydropyranyl or benzyl.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reduction comprises treating Compound 2 with a metal hydride.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is conducted at a temperature between about −10° C. to about 50° C.
15. The method of claim 6 , wherein the deprotonating agent is metal C 1 -C 6 alkoxide.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the metal C 1 -C 6 alkoxide is selected from potassium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-pentoxide, and potassium tert-pentoxide.