MICROSCOPE HAVING A REFRACTIVE INDEX MATCHING MATERIAL

1 . A microscope, comprising:

an illumination assembly configured to illuminate a sample under two or more different illumination conditions;

at least one image capture device configured to capture image information associated with the sample at each of the two or more different illumination conditions;

at least one processing device programmed to generate an image of the sample based on a combination of image information captured at each of the two or more different illumination conditions; and

at least one refractive index matching material between the illumination assembly and the sample, wherein the refractive index matching material is different from a medium between the at least one image capture device and the sample.

2 . The microscope of claim 1 , wherein at least 75% of an optical path from at least a portion of the illumination assembly to the sample includes the refractive index matching material.

3 . The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the medium includes air.

4 . The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the medium includes oil.

5 . The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index matching material is non-liquid.

6 . The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index matching material includes glass, a polymer, or a gel.

7 . The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index matching material includes glass, and the medium includes air or oil.

8 . The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index matching material includes oil or a gel, and the medium includes air.

9 . The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index matching material comprises a first portion and a second portion, and the first portion and the second portion are made of different materials.

10 . The microscope of claim 9 , wherein the second portion of the refractive index matching material is disposed between the first portion of the refractive index matching material and the sample.

11 . The microscope of claim 9 , wherein the first portion includes glass and the second portion includes a gel.

12 . The microscope of claim 9 , wherein the first portion includes glass and the second portion includes oil.

13 . The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index matching material has a refractive index greater than 1.1.

14 . The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index matching material has a refractive index within ±15% of a refractive index of glass on which the sample is mounted or embedded.

15 . The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index matching material has a refractive index within ±20% of a refractive index of glass on which the sample is mounted or embedded.

16 . The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index matching material includes a solid cube or a solid hemisphere.

17 . The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the at least one image capture device includes an objective lens configured to collect light transmitted through the sample, and the at least one image capture device is located in a region on an opposite side of the sample relative to the illumination assembly.

18 . The microscope of claim 1 , wherein the illumination assembly includes at least one LED, an LED array, a laser, a halogen lamp, or a mercury lamp.

19 . A microscope, comprising:

an illumination assembly configured to illuminate a sample under two or more different illumination conditions;

at least one image capture device configured to capture image information associated with the sample at each of the two or more different illumination conditions;

at least one processing device programmed to generate a high resolution image of the sample based on a combination of image information captured at each of the two or more different illumination conditions, wherein the high resolution image of the sample has a resolution higher than any individual one of the plurality of images; and

at least one refractive index matching material between the illumination assembly and the sample, wherein the refractive index matching material is different from a medium between the at least one image capture device and the sample.

20 . The microscope of claim 19 , wherein at least 75% of an optical path from at least a portion of the illumination assembly to the sample includes the first refractive index matching material.

21 . The microscope of claim 19 , wherein the refractive index matching material includes glass, a polymer, or a gel, and the medium includes air or oil.

22 . A microscope, comprising:

an illumination assembly configured to illuminate a sample under two or more different illumination conditions;

at least one image capture device configured to capture image information associated with the sample at each of the two or more different illumination conditions;

at least one processing device programmed to generate an image of the sample based on a combination of image information captured at each of the two or more different illumination conditions;

a first refractive index matching material between the illumination assembly and the sample, wherein the first refractive index matching material includes a first gel; and

a second refractive index matching material between the at least one image capture device and the sample, wherein the second refractive index matching material includes a second gel.

23 . The microscope of claim 22 , wherein the first gel and the second gel are substantially the same material.

24 . The microscope of claim 22 , wherein the first gel and the second gel are different materials.