Polymer blends with controllable biodegradation rates
Biodegradable compositions of polybutylene-succinate (PBS) or polybutylene-succinate-adipate (PBS A) with biobased 3-hydroxybutyrate copolymers are described. In certain embodiments, the copolymer increases the biodegradation rate of the PBS or PBSA. Methods of making the compositions of the invention are also described. The invention also includes articles, films and laminates comprising the compositions.
1. A biodegradable polymer composition, comprising a blend of
a succinate copolymer selected from polybutylene-succinate and polybutylene-succinate-adipate; and
a 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) copolymer,
wherein the 3HB copolymer is poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate,
wherein the 3HB copolymer has at least 90% renewable carbon content as measured by ASTM D6866, and
wherein the content of 4-hydroxybutyrate in the 3HB copolymer is about 40% to about 50% by weight of the 3HB copolymer,
and further wherein:
the content of the 3HB copolymer in the polymer composition is from about 1% to about 40% by weight of the composition, and
the biodegradation rate of the polymer composition is at least two times faster than the biodegradation rate of a reference composition containing no 3HB copolymer
wherein the 3HB copolymer has a melt flow index of 0.2 to 0.4 and the succinate copolymer has a melt flow index of 1 to 2;
wherein the melt flow index is measured at 190° C., 2.16 kg/10 min.
2. The biodegradable polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the 3-hydroxybutyrate copolymer has a molecular weight of about 500,000 to about 1,500,000 daltons as measured by gel permeation chromatography, and a glass transition temperature as measured by differential scanning calorimetry of −5 to −50° C.
3. The biodegradable polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the 3-hydroxybutyrate copolymer has a molecular weight of about 550,000 to about 750,000 daltons as measured by gel permeation chromatography, and a glass transition temperature as measured by differential scanning calorimetry of −10 to −30° C.
4. The biodegradable polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composition further comprises a third biodegradable polymer.
5. The biodegradable polymer composition of claim 1 , further comprising a nucleating agent selected from one or more of the following carbon black, cyanuric acid, uracil, thymine, mica talc, silica, boron nitride, barium nitride, clay, calcium carbonate, synthesized silicic acid and salts, metal salts of organophosphates, and kaolin.
6. The biodegradable polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the content of 4-hydroxybutyrate in the 3HB copolymer is about 35% to about 50% by weight of the 3HB copolymer.
7. The biodegradable polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the 3HB copolymer comprises an amorphous rubber phase having no melting point.
8. The biodegradable polymer composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more additives.
9. The biodegradable polymer composition of claim 8 , wherein the additive is selected from one or more of a plasticizer, a clarifier, a nucleating agent, a thermal or oxidative stabilizer, an inorganic filler, an anti-slip agent, a compatibilizer, a blocking agent, and a pigment.
10. The biodegradable polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the 3HB copolymer is prepared by culturing a recombinant host with a renewable feedstock to produce a biobased poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate biomass.
11. The biodegradable polymer composition of claim 10 , wherein a source of the renewable feedstock is selected from glucose, fructose, sucrose, arabinose, maltose, lactose, xylose, glycerol, ethanol, methanol, fatty acids, vegetable oils, and biomass derived synthesis gas or a combination thereof.
12. A film or multilayer laminate comprising at least one film, said film comprising the biodegradable polymer composition of claim 1 .
13. The multilayer laminate of claim 12 , wherein the film has a thickness of about 1 to about 2 microns.
14. A method of preparing the biodegradable polymer composition of claim 1 , the method comprising melt-blending the blend, the blend comprising:
the succinate copolymer selected from polybutylene-succinate and polybutylene-succinate-adipate;
and
the 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) copolymer,
wherein the 3HB copolymer is poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate,
wherein the 3HB copolymer has at least 90% renewable carbon content as measured by ASTM D6866,
and
wherein the content of 4-hydroxybutyrate in the 3HB copolymer is about 40% to about 50% by weight of the 3HB copolymer,
and further wherein the content of the 3HB copolymer in the polymer composition is from about 1% to about 40% by weight of the composition, and
the biodegradation rate of the polymer composition is at least two times faster than the biodegradation rate of a reference composition containing no 3HB copolymer
wherein the 3HB copolymer has a melt flow index of about 0.2 to about 0.4 and the succinate copolymer has a melt flow index of about 1 to about 2;
wherein the melt flow index is measured at 190° C., 2.16 kg/10 min.
15. An article comprising the biodegradable polymer composition of claim 1 .
16. The article of claim 15 , comprising a foam, woven fibers, nonwoven fibers, a thermoformed part, or an injection molded part.