Method for returning polymer to a fluidised bed reactor
The present invention deals with a process of polymerising at least one olefin in a fluidised bed in a fluidised bed polymerisation reactor comprising a top zone, a middle zone in direct contact and below, a bottom zone in direct contact with and below the middle zone and wherein the reactor does not comprise a fluidisation grid. The process comprises passing a stream comprising the fluidisation gas and polymer particles into a separation step and withdrawing a stream comprising the polymer particles from the separation step and returning it to the polymerisation reactor. The process comprises adding a support gas stream to the stream comprising the polymer particles downstream of the separation step.
1. A process of polymerising at least one olefin in a fluidised bed in a fluidised bed polymerisation reactor comprising a top zone having a generally conical shape, a middle zone in direct contact and below said top zone having a generally cylindrical shape, a bottom zone in direct contact with and below the middle zone and having a generally conical shape and wherein a base of a fluidised bed is formed and wherein the reactor does not comprise a fluidisation grid, the process comprising the steps of
(i) passing a first stream of fluidisation gas into the bottom zone;
(ii) polymerising at least one olefin in the presence of a polymerisation catalyst in a fluidised bed formed by particles of a polymer of the at least one olefin suspended in an upwards flowing stream of the fluidisation gas in the middle zone;
(iii) withdrawing a second stream comprising the fluidisation gas and particles of the polymer of the at least one olefin from the top zone;
(iv) passing the second stream into a separation step;
(v) withdrawing a third stream comprising the majority of the particles of the polymer of the at least one olefin from the separation step and returning the third stream to the polymerisation reactor through a transfer pipe,
characterised in that the process comprises adding a support gas stream to the third stream downstream of the separation step into the transfer pipe, wherein entrainment flux of the particles of the polymer of the at least one olefin entrained from the polymerization reactor in the second stream, defined as the mass flow rate of the particles divided by the cross-sectional area of the pipe, is 0.5 to 100 kg/(s·m 2 ).
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein the superficial velocity of the upwards flowing stream of the fluidisation gas in the middle zone has a superficial velocity of from 0.35 to 1.0 m/s.
3. The process according to claim 2 wherein the superficial velocity of the upwards flowing stream of the fluidisation gas in the middle zone has a superficial velocity of from 0.40 to 1.0 m/s.
4. The process according to claim 3 wherein the superficial velocity of the upwards flowing stream of the fluidisation gas in the middle zone has a superficial velocity of from 0.45 to 0.90 m/s.
5. The process according to claim 1 comprising a step of withdrawing fourth stream comprising the fluidisation gas with a reduced content of particles of the polymer of the at least one olefin from the separation step.
6. The process according to claim 5 wherein the separation step is conducted in a cyclone.
7. The process according to claim 6 wherein the separation efficiency of the cyclone, defined as the ratio of the mass flow rate of particles contained in the third stream to the sum of the mass flow rates of particles contained in the third and the fourth streams, is at least 0.95.
8. The process according to claim 7 wherein the separation efficiency of the cyclone is at least 0.99.
9. The process according to claim 8 wherein the third stream is withdrawn from the cyclone by using a rotary feeder.
10. The process according to claim 1 wherein the support gas is the same as the fluidisation gas.
11. The process according to claim 1 wherein the support gas is an inert gas.
12. The process according to claim 1 wherein the entrainment flux is from 20 to 70 kg/(s·m 2 ).
13. The process according to claim 1 wherein ratio of the mass flow rate of the support gas in the transfer pipe to the mass flow rate of the powder in the transfer pipe is from 0.001 to 0.070 kg/kg.
14. The process according to claim 2 wherein the support gas is the same as the fluidisation gas.
15. The process according to claim 2 wherein the support gas is an inert gas.
16. The process according to claim 2 wherein the entrainment flux is from 20 to 70 kg/(s·m 2 ).
17. The process according to claim 2 wherein ratio of the mass flow rate of the support gas in the transfer pipe to the mass flow rate of the powder in the transfer pipe is from 0.001 to 0.070 kg/kg.
18. The process according to claim 3 wherein the support gas is an inert gas.
19. The process according to claim 3 wherein the entrainment flux is from 20 to 70 kg/(s·m 2 ).
20. The process according to claim 3 wherein ratio of the mass flow rate of the support gas in the transfer pipe to the mass flow rate of the powder in the transfer pipe is from 0.001 to 0.070 kg/kg.