COATING OF A SYSTEM AND AN ASSOCIATED METHOD THEREOF
A system and method are disclosed. The system includes an assembly with a base, and a coating disposed on the base, wherein the coating has a density greater than 98 percent of a theoretical density of the coating, and a dilution less than 0.5 volume percent of the coating. In an embodiment, the assembly includes a shaft and a journal bearing coupled to the shaft, wherein at least one of the shaft and the journal bearing includes the base. In another embodiment, the assembly includes a valve coupled to a valve seat, wherein at least one of the valve and the valve seat includes the base, and the base includes a plurality of dimples, the coating disposed on at least some dimples. The method is for disposing a coating on a base of the assembly using a friction surface process.
1 . A system comprising:
an assembly comprising a base; and
a coating disposed on the base, wherein the coating has a density greater than 98 percent of a theoretical density of the coating, and a dilution less than 0.5 volume percent of the coating.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the base comprises a heat-affected zone bonded to the coating, wherein the heat-affected zone comprises a thickness less than 5 micrometers.
3 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the assembly comprises a shaft and a journal bearing coupled to the shaft, at least one of the shaft and the journal bearing comprises the base, the coating comprises at least one coating layer, the heat-affected zone is bonded to one layer of the at least one coating layer, the one layer of the at least one coating layer has a density greater than 98 percent of a theoretical density of the one layer and a dilution less than 0.5 volume percent of the one layer.
4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the base comprises a base material composition comprising copper, zinc, nickel, lead, antimony, aluminum, tin, steel, titanium, molybdenum disulfide, cobalt-based alloys, titanium-based alloys, nickel-based alloys, or any combinations thereof.
5 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the one layer of the at least one coating layer comprises a coating material composition comprising copper, zinc, nickel, lead, antimony, aluminum, tin, steel, titanium, chromium carbide, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphite, cobalt-based alloys, titanium-based alloys, nickel-based alloys, a polymer, or any combinations thereof.
6 . The system of claim 5 , wherein the one layer of the at least one coating layer comprises a gradient in the coating material composition along a direction perpendicular to the base.
7 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the base has a first hardness and the one layer of the at least one coating layer has a second hardness less than the first hardness.
8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the assembly comprises a valve seat and a valve coupled to the valve seat, at least one of the valve and the valve seat comprises the base, the base comprises a plurality of dimples formed on a surface, the coating is disposed on each of at least some dimples of the plurality of dimples and each dimple of the at least some of the dimples has a depth greater than 50 micrometers.
9 . The system of claim 8 , wherein each dimple of the at least some of the dimples has a diameter greater than 50 micrometers.
10 . The system of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of dimples has a spatial density greater than 10 percent of an area of the surface of the base.
11 . The system of claim 8 , wherein the coating is confined to a volume of each of the at least some of the dimples on the surface of the base.
12 . The system of claim 8 , wherein the base comprises a base substrate and a base layer comprising the surface, wherein the base layer has a thickness greater than 100 micrometers, a density greater than 98 percent of a theoretical density of the base layer, and a dilution less than 0.5 volume percent of the base layer.
13 . The system of claim 8 , wherein the base comprises steel, nickel, a cobalt-based alloy, a nickel-based alloy, an iron-based alloy, or combinations thereof.
14 . The system of claim 8 , wherein the coating comprises copper, copper alloys, silver, silver alloys, aluminum alloys or combinations thereof.
15 . The system of claim 14 , wherein the coating further comprises a solid-lubricant material comprising molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphite, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, hexagonal boron nitride, or combinations thereof.
16 . The system of claim 14 , wherein the coating further comprises alumina, chromium carbide, cubic boron nitride, or combinations thereof.
17 . An internal combustion engine comprising the system of claim 1 .
18 . A method comprising:
disposing a coating on a base of an assembly using a friction surfacing process, wherein the coating has a density greater than 98 percent of a theoretical density of the coating and a dilution less than 0.5 volume percent of the coating.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the assembly is a journal bearing and a shaft, disposing a coating on a base comprises forming one layer of at least one coating layer having a coating thickness greater than 50 micrometers, density greater than about 98 percent of a theoretical density of the one layer, and a dilution less than 0.5 volume percent of the one layer and the base comprises a heat-affected zone having a thickness less than 5 micrometers, bonded to the one layer of the at least one coating layer.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein forming the one layer of the at least one coating layer comprises forging and traversing a rotating cylinder on the base, wherein the rotating cylinder comprises a coating material composition of the one layer.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein forming the one layer of the at least one coating layer comprises forming a gradient in the coating material composition of the one layer, along a direction perpendicular to the base, wherein the rotating cylinder comprises copper, zinc, nickel, lead, antimony, aluminum, tin, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphite, a polymer or any combinations thereof.
22 . The method of claim 18 , further comprising machining the formed one layer of the at least one coating layer for altering the coating thickness, a surface texture, or a combination thereof of the one layer.
23 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the assembly is a valve and valve seat, the coating is disposed on each of at least some dimples of a plurality of dimples formed on a surface of the base, wherein each dimple has a depth greater than 50 micrometers.
24 . The method of claim 23 , wherein disposing the coating comprises forging and traversing a rotating cylinder on the base, wherein the rotating cylinder comprises a coating material of the coating.
25 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the coating material comprises (a) a first material and (b) a solid-lubricant material, a second material, or a combination of the solid-lubricant and second materials.
26 . The method of claim 25 , wherein disposing the coating further comprises forming a gradient in the first material along a direction perpendicular to the base.
27 . The method of claim 23 , further comprising forming a plurality of dimples on the surface of the base, using a laser texturing method.
28 . The method of claim 23 , further comprising forming a base layer on a base substrate using a friction surfacing process, wherein the base layer comprises the surface.
29 . The method of claim 23 , further comprising machining the coating for altering a thickness of the coating, confining the coating to volume of each of the at least some dimples, or a combination thereof.