High efficiency environmental sampling with rapidly cured peelable coatings
A rapidly curable liquid gel for collecting an analyte from a sampling surface includes a polymer precursor mixture including a monomer and/or an oligomer; and an additive to enhance extraction of the analyte from the sampling surface. A kit for collecting an analyte from a sampling surface may include the rapidly curable liquid gel and a portable device for rapidly curing the gel. The rapidly curable liquid gel is cured to thereby form a peelable sampling film, and the sampling film is removed from the sampling surface, thereby collecting the analyte. In one embodiment, the rapidly curable liquid gel is UV-curable, the polymer precursor mixture further includes a photoinitiator compound, and the portable device includes a UV light source configured to emit UV light of a wavelength range absorbed by the photoinitiator compound.
1. A method for collecting an analyte from a sampling surface, comprising:
applying a rapidly curable liquid gel to the sampling surface;
curing the rapidly curable liquid gel in less than about 10 minutes to yield a sampling film including the analyte; and
removing the sampling film including the analyte from the sampling surface.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
after the applying the rapidly curable liquid gel, exposing the rapidly curable liquid gel to energy.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the curing the rapidly curable liquid gel comprises exposing the rapidly curable liquid gel to light energy.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the light energy comprises UV light energy.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the UV light energy comprises UV light having a wavelength from 200 nm to 400 nm.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the energy comprises heat energy.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a stencil to the sampling surface before the applying the rapidly curable liquid gel.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the stencil comprises openings through which a portion of the rapidly curable liquid gel can pass to directly contact the sampling surface.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the openings are between about 0.1 mm and about 10 mm in diameter.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the stencil comprises a thickness of between 0.01 mm to 1 mm.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the removing the sampling film comprises removing the sampling film including the analyte from the sampling surface at an extraction efficiency of between about 75% to about 44%.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the rapidly curable liquid gel comprises an additive.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the additive comprises a ligand.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the additive comprises a chelant.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the additive comprises a detergent.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rapidly curable liquid gel comprises nanoconfined structures, and the method further comprises:
after the applying the rapidly curable liquid gel, orienting the nanoconfined structures.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the orienting the nanoconfined structures comprises exposing the rapidly curable liquid gel to a field.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the field comprises a magnetic field.
19. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
identifying the analyte while the analyte is in the sampling film.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the identifying the analyte comprises using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).