GENOTYPE SPECIFIC METHODS FOR TREATING HUMAN SUBJECTS USING 4-METHYLPYRAZOLE
Provided herein are methods of administering 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects of geneic subpopulations expressing specific polymorphisms of the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase genes. Also provided herein are methods to prevent or ameliorate ethanol intolerance, reduce or ameliorate symptoms associated with acetaldehyde accumulation accompanying ethanol consumption, or reduce the risk of diseases or disorders caused by consumption of ethanol, comprising administering 4-MP, or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects of these sub-populations.
1 .- 23 . (canceled)
24 . A method for treating ethanol intolerance in a human in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the human an effective amount of 4-methylpyrazole or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to treat the ethanol intolerance, wherein the human has:
(i) an ADH2*1/ADH2*1 and ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2 genotype;
(ii) an ADH2*1/ADH2*2 and ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2 genotype; or
(iii) an ADH2*1/ADH2*2 and ALDH2*1/ALDH2*1 genotype.
25 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the human has the an ADH2*1/ADH2*1 and ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2 genotype.
26 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the human has the an ADH2*1/ADH2*2 and ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2 genotype.
27 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the human has the an ADH2*1/ADH2*2 and ALDH2*1/ALDH2*1 genotype.
28 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the human is administered the 4-methylpyrazole free base.
29 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the human is administered the physiologically acceptable salt of 4-methylpyrazole.
30 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the effective amount of 4-methylpyrazole is from about 0.1 milligram to about 4 milligrams per kilogram of the human's body weight, or an equivalent mass of the physiologically acceptable salt of 4-methylpyrazole.
31 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the effective amount of 4-methylpyrazole is from about 0.1 milligram to about 2 milligrams per kilogram of the human's body weight, or an equivalent mass of the physiologically acceptable salt of 4-methylpyrazole.
32 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the effective amount of 4-methylpyrazole is from about 0.1 milligram to about 1 milligram per kilogram of the human's body weight, or an equivalent mass of the physiologically acceptable salt of 4-methylpyrazole.
33 . A method for treating ethanol intolerance in a human in need thereof, the method comprising orally administering to the human an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising: (i) 4-methylpyrazole, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) polyethylene glycol; to treat the ethanol intolerance; wherein the human has:
(i) an ADH2*1/ADH2*1 and ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2 genotype;
(ii) an ADH2*1/ADH2*2 and ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2 genotype; or
(iii) an ADH2*1/ADH2*2 and ALDH2*1/ALDH2*1 genotype.
34 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the human has the an ADH2*1/ADH2*1 and ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2 genotype.
35 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the human has the an ADH2*1/ADH2*2 and ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2 genotype.
36 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the human has the an ADH2*1/ADH2*2 and ALDH2*1/ALDH2*1 genotype.
37 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the human is administered the 4-methylpyrazole free base.
38 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the human is administered the physiologically acceptable salt of 4-methylpyrazole.
39 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the effective amount of 4-methylpyrazole is from about 0.1 milligram to about 2 milligrams per kilogram of the human's body weight, or an equivalent mass of the physiologically acceptable salt of 4-methylpyrazole.
40 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the effective amount of 4-methylpyrazole is from about 0.1 milligram to about 1 milligram per kilogram of the human's body weight, or an equivalent mass of the physiologically acceptable salt of 4-methylpyrazole.
41 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the polyethylene glycol has a total weight average molecular weight from about 5,000 Daltons to about 10,000 Daltons.
42 . A method for treating acetaldehyde accumulation in a human in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the human an effective amount of 4-methylpyrazole or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof to treat the acetaldehyde accumulation, wherein the human has:
(i) an ADH2*1/ADH2*1 and ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2 genotype;
(ii) an ADH2*1/ADH2*2 and ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2 genotype; or
(iii) an ADH2*1/ADH2*2 and ALDH2*1/ALDH2*1 genotype.
43 . The method of claim 42 , wherein the effective amount of 4-methylpyrazole is from about 0.1 milligram to about 2 milligrams per kilogram of the human's body weight, or an equivalent mass of the physiologically acceptable salt of 4-methylpyrazole.